468 



HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 



HAYTI. 





it, and consequently the permission was sus- 

 pended. The Government then negotiated 

 with the Japanese Government for a supply 

 of 600 Japanese agricultural laborers a month 

 during the year 1885. The planters, after the 

 suspension of Chinese immigration, again peti- 

 tioned the Government to allow 2,000 more to 

 be imported as soon as possible, asserting that 

 they could not afford to pay the current rate 

 of wages with the low prices then ruling in 

 the sugar market. The Government refused 

 this request. The Chinese immigrants were 

 acknowledged to be as good as could be ob- 

 tained. The objections raised against them 

 were that they maintained a system of guilds 

 by which they were able to control the price 

 of labor, that they corrupted the native wom- 

 en, and that their shrewdness and thrift en- 

 abled them to wrest from the natives their 

 lands and other property. Most of the busi- 

 ness formerly done by native Hawaiians has 

 already passed into the hands of Chinamen, 

 and the European traders and planters began 

 to fear the results of unrestricted Chinese 

 competition. The Legislature voted $300,000 

 to assist immigration generally, with a prefer- 

 ence for Japanese, who contract for three 

 years, receiving their passage from Japan free. 

 Their wages are $10 a month, with board and 

 lodging. 



Commerce. The total value of the imports of 

 domestic merchandise in 1884 wns $4,637,514; 

 the total value of exports, $7,977,908. The 

 principal imports were agricultural implements 

 and hardware, of the value of $285,991 ; lum- 

 ber, of the value of $283,902; machinery, of the 

 value of $211,172; groceries and provisions, 

 of the value of $470,929 ; clothing, hats, and 

 boots, of the value of $309,219 ; cotton, of the 

 value of $191,102 ; grain, of the value of $184,- 

 598 ; and flour, of the value of $170,280. The 

 total value of exports was $53,181 more than 

 in 1883. There was a decrease in the exporta- 

 tion of rice, paddy, molasses, and other minor 

 articles, but an increase of 14,000 tons in the 

 exports of sugar, which amounted to 142.654,- 

 923 pounds. The rice export was 9,493,000 

 pounds. The exports of sugar during the first 

 six months of 1885 amounted to 121,873,375 

 pounds, an increase of 31,227,573 as compared 

 with the same part of 1884, while rice, wool, 

 and other articles showed a continued decline. 

 The supplies of domestic produce to merchant- 

 men and national vessels in 1884 were estimated 

 at $89,740, raising the total value of domestic 

 exports to $8,067,648. 



The imports of specie in 1884 were $1,180,- 

 360, all of it from the United States ; the ex- 

 ports were $671,687. 



Of the total merchandise imports those from 

 the United States amounted to $3,367,585; 

 from Great Britain, $769,004 ; from Germany, 

 $225,543 ; from Australia and New Zealand, 

 $72,026 ; from China, $179,161 ; from France, 

 $21,720; from other countries, $2,471. Of the 

 imports from the United States, goods of the 



value of $2,619,511 were entered free of duty 

 under the reciprocity treaty ; free of duty by 

 the civil code, $115,818; paying duty, $422- 

 641 ; bonded, $133,347. The whole of the ex- 

 ports went to the United States except a quar- 

 ter of the wool export, sent to Australia, a 

 quantity of edible fungus exported to China, 

 and an insignificant export of rice and sugar to 

 South America and the Pacific islands. 



Navigation and Communication. Of 239 vessels, 

 weighing 186,871 tons, entered at Hawaiian 

 ports during 1884, there were 191 American 

 vessels, of 135,618 tons; 29 British, of 41,398 

 tons ; 4 German, of 2,958 tons ; 4 French, of 

 3,225 tons ; and 11 Hawaiian, of 3,672 tons. 

 The merchant navy in 1884 numbered 53 ves- 

 sels, including 12 steamers, with an aggregate 

 burden of 9,826 tons. 



There were thirty miles of railroad in op- 

 eration in 1884. There are lines of telegraph 

 and telephone wires on the principal islands. 

 There passed through the post-office of Hono- 

 lulu, in 1883, 233,272 international and 438,865 

 domestic letters. 



Sugar Production. The sugar-planters of the 

 Hawaiian Islands have been driven by the su- 

 gar crisis not only to look for cheaper labor, 

 but to study economies in production and new 

 processes of manufacture. The diffusion pro- 

 cess, which has been lately introduced, is said 

 to save 10 per cent, more sugar than the old 

 method. There is estimated to be soil enough 

 in the kingdom to yield under favorable con- 

 ditions an annual product of not more than 

 100,000 tons. The virgin soil has been cropped 

 so far without renewal by fertilizers. 



HAITI. (For details relating to territorial 

 divisions, population, etc., see " Annual Cyclo- 

 paedia " for 1883.) 



Government The President of the Republic 

 is Gen. Salomon, elected for seven years, dat- 

 ing from 1879. The Cabinet is -composed as 

 follows: Foreign Affairs, Finance, and Com- 

 merce, Gen. Darnier; Justice and Public Wor- 

 ship, O. Madion; War and Navy, Michel 

 Pierre ; Interior, Ovide Camen ; Public In- 

 struction and Agriculture, F. Manigat. 



The United States Minister Resident at Port- 

 au-Prince is Dr. John E. W. Thompson. The 

 Haytian Minister to the United States is Mr. 

 S. Preston; and the Haytian Consul-General 

 at New York, Mr. E. D. Bassett. 



Claims against Hayti. The message of the 

 President of the United States, of Dec. 8, con- 

 tained the following passage : 



The late insurrectionary movements in Hayti hay- 

 ing been quelled, the Government of that repub 

 has made prompt provision for adjudicating loss( 

 suffered by foreigners because of hostilities there, an 

 the claims of certain citizens of the United States T 

 be in this manner determined. A question arose w: 

 Hayti during the past year by reason of the excep- 

 tional treatment of an American citizen. Mr. \ an 

 Bokkelen, a resident of Port-au-Prince, who, on su 

 by creditors residing in the United States, was *n- 

 teuced to imprisonment, and, under the operatioi 

 a Haytian fctatute, was denied relief secured to a 

 tive Havtian. This Government asserted his treaty 



