INDIA. 



tans. In 1865 the British declared war upon 

 the Bhotanese, who are a valorous race of 

 savage hill-men, and captured certain coveted 

 mountain-passes. The Chinese Empire claims 

 a traditional suzerainty over this state, as over 

 Nepaul and Cashmere. 



The Afghan Boundary Settlement. In an inter- 

 view between Lord Dufferin and the Ameer of 

 Afghanistan at the Rawul Pindi meeting, the 

 latter seemed indifferent to the retention of 

 Penjdeh. The Sariks were wealthy, but he 

 could get no tribute from them, and could not 

 tell which side they would take. The only 

 localities to which lie attached vital importance 

 were the pass of Zulfikar, Gulran, and Maru- 

 chak. When the British Government proposed 

 the exchange of Penjdeh for Zulfikar, the Rus- 

 sian Government agreed on April 16. After 

 the general course of the line was agreed upon, 

 a fresh controversy arose, regarding the portion 

 in the vicinity of Zulfikar Pass, which was finally 

 settled by a compromise, and defined in a pro- 

 tocol signed at London on Sept. 10. The front- 

 ier starts from the Heri Rud at Zulfikar, passes 

 between the salt lakes south of Akrobat, leav- 

 ing Souma Karez to the Afghans, to Islim, 

 ! where it crosses to the right bank of the Egri- 

 Gueuk, and follows the crest of the ridge of 

 hills, leaving Islim and Chemen-i-Bid in Rus- 

 j si an territory. It continues along the crest of 

 the hills on the right bank of the Kushk as far 

 as Hauzi Khan, and then follows a straight line 

 to a point on the Murghab to the north of Ma- 

 ruchak, leaving to Russia all the lands culti- 

 Jvated by the Sariks and their pastures. 



Col. Khulberg, the newly appointed Rus- 

 sian boundary commissioner, with M. Lessar as 

 [his assistant, proceeded to the Afghan frontier 

 ! to trace the line in detail on the spot in con- 

 i junction with Col. Ridgeway, who had re- 

 mained in Afghanistan, and was appointed the 

 British commissioner. The dispute over Zulfi- 

 kar Pass was kept up by the English Govern- 

 ment in order to have something to show for 

 tthe vote of eleven millions, yet did not obtain 

 the concessions demanded of Russia. The Rus- 

 sians retained one opening of the pass, and pre- 

 served the communications on which they laid 

 stress, and retained for the Turkomans all the 

 (salt lakes of any value, and their wells and 

 pasture-lands. The Russian railroad to Aska- 

 'bad was completed by the 1st of November 

 and the branch from Askabad to Merv begun., 

 Insurrection in Nepanl. On the night of Nov. 

 22, the sons of Dir Shumseer, who died as 

 commander-in-chief of the Nepaulese army, 

 'attacked and murdered their uncle, the Prime 

 , Minister, Ranodip Singh, brother of the late 

 (Jung Bahadur and of Dir Shumseer. The 

 Maharajah is a boy ten years of age. The 

 | army acquiesced in the revolution, and in the 

 f assumption of the post of prime minister by 

 | Dir Shnmseer, the eldest of the brothers who 

 [headed the conspiracy. Ranodip Singh had 

 3 alienated popular sympathy by his irregulari- 

 : ties and his exactions. 



VOL. xxv. 32 A 



INDIANA. 



497 



The Restoration of Gwallor Citadel to Selndla. In 



the beginning of December Lord Dufferin visit- 

 ed Gwalior, and executed a treaty, restoring to 

 Scindia the ancient rock fort for which that 

 ruler has pleaded for twenty years. Though 

 the ruler remained loyal during the mutiny 

 and gave powerful aid' to the British, the na- 

 tive troops rebelled. The fort was captured 

 by Lord Strathnairn in 1857, and the British 

 flag has floated over it ever since. Scindia has 

 introduced the German military system, and 

 developed the most efficient army among the 

 native states. 



INDIANA. State Government. The following 

 were the State officers during the year : Gov- 

 ernor, Isaac P. Gray, Democrat; Lieutenant- 

 Governor, Mahlon D. Manson; Secretary of 

 State, William R. Myers ; Treasurer, John J. 

 Cooper; Auditor, James H. Rice; Attorney- 

 General, Francis T. Hord ; Superintendent of 

 Public Instruction, John W. Holcombe. Ju- 

 diciary, Supreme Court: Justices, William E. 

 Niblack, George V. Howk, Byron K. Elliott, 

 Allen Zollars, and Joseph A . S. Mitchell. 



Legislative Session. The Legislature met on the 

 8th of January, and adjourned on the 12th of 

 April, having been called together by the Gov- 

 ernor in special session immediately after the 

 close of the regular session in March, to com- 

 plete the unfinished work. Daniel W. Voor- 

 hees, Democrat, was re-elected United States 

 Senator, over ex- Governor Albert G. Porter, 

 Republican. The Speaker of the House, in 

 closing the session, spoke as follows: 



It is sufficient now to declare, what all who hear me 

 know to be the truth, that this House convened in the 

 face of grave responsibilities and an enormous amount 

 of labor. No general or specific appropriation bill 

 had been enacted for four years. The new State- 

 House required intelligent legislation to the end that 

 its early completion might be assured, and the State 

 protected from loss or extravagance in connection 

 with it. An extensive and expensive system of asy- 

 lums for the insane was halt finished, and without 

 means for completion, and doubt was expressed as to 

 the proper course of the State in regard to them. The 

 redistribution of the congressional and legislative 

 representation, always a difficult and delicate task, 

 had to be made. Numerous minor investigations were 

 to be made, and one State institution was subject to 

 an appalling scandal, which compelled patient con- 

 sideration and radical treatment. Many creditors of 

 the State clamored for payment which had been so 

 long neglected that the credit of this proud State was 

 in danger of ranking as that of a common cheat. The 

 questions of the proper aid to be given to the State 

 institutions, and of the policy of the State in regard to 

 one or two of them, were important and pressing. The 

 regulation of railroad, telegraph, and telephone com- 

 panies, the questions of drainage and gravel roads, of 

 fees and salaries, the regulation of mines, the protec- 

 tion of citizens in equal rights, the relief of the labor- 

 ing classes from the oppression sometimes practiced 

 by employers, the question as to another Court of Ap- 

 peals these and numerous others pressed upon your 

 notice and demanded consideration. In giving such 

 consideration you have in one way or another con- 

 sidered six hundred bills, and I believe that the pub- 

 lished volume of the acts of 1885 will in a large meas- 

 ure repel the disposition to criticise the action of this 

 House which is most indulged by those who have the 

 least information on the subject. 



