LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1885. LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, 1885. 541 



Farjeon " Self - Doomed " and "The Sacred 

 Nugget," and George Meredith a really clever 

 book, " Diana of the Crossways." Mr. William 

 Black's contribution to the fiction of the year 

 was " White Heather " ; and a very bright and 

 entertaining novel, "Red Ryvington," by a 

 new author, Mr. Westall, completes the list. 



Theology. The most important event in this 

 department was, of course, the publication of 

 the revised Old Testament, although this did 

 not create the universal popular interest that 

 was awakened by the appearance of the re- 

 vision of the New Testament. Edersheim's 

 "Life of Christ" was remarkable for its evi- 

 dences of rare learning. The same author 

 published a volume of Warburton Lectures on 

 "Prophecy and History in Relation to the 

 Messiah." There were also published Canon 

 Fremantle's Bampton Lectures for 1883 on 

 " The World as the Subject of Redemption," 

 and Pfleiderer's Hibbert Lectures for 1885 on 

 "The Influence of Paul on the Development 

 of Christianity." Dr. Plumptre's " Spirits in 

 Prison," Dr. Martineau's "Types of Ethical 

 Theory," and Principal Tulloch's "Movements 

 of Religious Thought in Britain during the 

 Nineteenth Century," were among the leading 

 works in general theology. 



Of works in Biblical criticism, Archdeacon 

 Farrar's " Messages of the Books " should be 

 mentioned, also Dr. Salmon's "Historical In- 

 troduction to the Books of the New Testa- 

 ment," Dr. Joseph Parker's " Apostolic Life," 

 and Principal Edwards's " Commentary on the 

 First Epistle to the Corinthians." 



Voyages and Travels. The English are great 

 travelers, and each year sees from British tour- 

 ists the literary result of journeys in all lands. 

 Last year was no exception to the general rule. 

 The usual number of writers on America did 

 not come to the surface, however, only three 

 books of this kind being noteworthy: Mr. 

 Alexander Stavely Hill, M. P., published " Au- 

 tumn Wanderings in the Northwest," from 1881 

 to 1884 ; Mr. J. E. Ritchie produced " To Can- 

 ada with Emigrants"; and Mr. F. J. Row- 

 botham gave an account of " A Trip to Prairie 

 Land." Africa, even, presents a better showing 

 of travel : Mrs. Speedy's " Wanderings in the 

 Soudan " took place seven years ago, but were 

 not described until the interest in that country 

 made the subject popular. Major Ellis brought 

 out his " West African Islands," Mr. Boddy 

 " To Kairwan the Holy," and Mr. Joseph 

 Thomson " Through Masai Land," which lies 

 in eastern equatorial Africa, and is but little 

 known. Australia was visited and described 

 by Hon. Harold Finch Hatton, in his " Eight 

 Years of Work, Wandering, and Amusement 

 in Queensland, New South Wales, and Victo- 

 ria " ; Mr. Forbes's " Eastern Archipelago " was 

 published, and Chalmers and Gill produced 

 their " Work and Adventure in New Guinea." 

 Mr. Hornaday took his readers with him to 

 India in " Two Years in a Jungle." Mrs. Leon- 

 owens wrote of India in general, and Dr. 



Kennedy of Benares in particular. Mrs. King 

 published her "Diary of a Civilian's Wife" 

 in India, from 1877 to 1882. Mr. Colqnhoun 

 wrote of his experiences " Among the Shans," 

 and Mrs. Emily Innes of " Chersonese with 

 the Gilding off." Mr. Hare visited the land of 

 the Muscovite, and wrote " Home Studies in 

 Russia," Stepniak discoursed of " Russia and 

 the Tsars," Landsdell described his missionary 

 expedition into " Russian Central Asia," Mr. 

 Marvin published " At the Gates of Herat," 

 and Vambery gave his views on the an- 

 ticipated "Struggle for India." Mr. Hare 

 added to his voluminous list of works of trav- 

 el " Holland and Scandinavia " ; Mr. Sophus 

 Tromholt wrote about " Under the Rays of 

 the Aurora Borealis " ; Mr. Richard Lovett of 

 "Norwegian Pictures drawn with Pen and 

 Pencil " ; Major Johnson, traveling from the 

 Pira3us to Pesth, published " On the Track of 

 the Crescent," and Spain was described by Mr. 

 Lomas in " Sketches from Nature, Art, and 

 Life." Travel in England was apparently 

 confined to views of London, excepting Mr. 

 and Mrs. Pennell's " Canterbury Pilgrimage," 

 which was made on a tricycle. London itself 

 furnished good material in Count Vasili's 

 " World of London," Mr. Walford's " Greater 

 London " being the immediate surroundings of 

 the great metropolis ; Mr. Button's " Literary 

 Landmarks of London," and " Society in Lon- 

 don," which was published anonymously. 



Translations and New Editions. During the 

 year translations of Homer's " Iliad" appeared 

 by W. C. Green, H. S. Wright, and A. S. Way. 

 Mr. Ormsby progressed with his translation of 

 " Don Quixote," and " The Lyrics of Camoens " 

 were put into English by Mr. Benton. J. A. W. 

 Hunter translated Schiller's " Wallenstein " 

 into English verse, and C. T. Lyall made trans- 

 lations of " Ancient Arabian Poetry." 



New editions were made of many of the 

 standard English authors. Middleton's works 

 were edited by Mr. Bullen, the poems of Keats 

 by Palgrave, and Gray's works by Mr. Gosse. 



LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 1885. In its 

 chief features the record of literature on the 

 Continent, during 1885, is much the same as in 

 1884. Books in the various departments of 

 literature have appeared in about the usual 

 number, and, though there is nothing specially 

 remarkable of itself to which attention is to be 

 called, yet, amid more or less of political and 

 social disturbances, literature has flourished to 

 a fair extent, and numerous works of merit 

 and value have found their way into print. As 

 heretofore, we give the record in the alpha- 

 betical order of countries. 



Belgium. In the way of contributions to his- 

 tory during the year, there are two works 

 that deserve special notice. The first is Bar- 

 on K. de Lettenhove's " Les Huguenots et les 

 Gueux," of which the concluding volumes 

 have been published. The work is regarded 

 as containing much interesting documentary 

 matter, while at the same time it has been 



