600 



MINERAL WATERS. 



protoxide of iron, and are given successfully in 

 diseases depending on impoverishment of the 

 blood. 



The waters of Bussang, in eastern France, 

 are a mild chalybeate, well carbonated ; they 

 are valuable in anaemia and chlorosis, and in the 

 dyspepsia of delicate constitutions. They are 

 exported. 



Cooper's Well, in Mississippi, is a valuable 

 iron water; it is especially useful in chronic 

 diarrhoea and in chlorosis. 



Franzensbad, in Bohemia, is a strongly tonic 

 spring ; it is an alkaline-ferruginous water, and 

 is much resorted to for the cure of diseases 

 peculiar to the female sex. Its specialty is the 

 mud-bath; the place supplies the mineralized 

 peat which is used for this purpose at many 

 other bathing-resorts, a large quantity being 

 exported. The appointments are very exten- 

 sive, including baths of every kind, and many 

 cures of anaemia and chlorotic cases are made. 



Pyrmont, the most noted iron spa in Ger- 

 many, has both saline and ferruginous springs. 

 The latter stimulate the digestion and feed the 

 blood with iron ; they are very useful in anae- 

 mia, chlorosis, menstrual irregularity, nervous 

 headaches, and impotence. 



Rawley Springs, Virginia, are a pure cha- 

 lybeate, and are indicated in cases of anaemia, 

 chlorosis, amenorrhoea, and menorrhagia. 



The Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge 

 county, Va., are astringent, and valuable in 

 chronic diarrhoea, and in scrofula of all varie- 

 ties. There is a hotel, and the region is at- 

 tractive. 



The School ey's Mountain Springs are an 

 accessible and popular resort; the water is 

 charged with enough carbonic-acid gas to be 

 palatable as well as tonic. 



Sehwalbach, or Langeu Schwalbach, in the 

 duchy of Nassau, has many iron-springs ; the 

 water is highly charged with carbonic - acid 

 gas, has half a grain of the carbonate of iron 

 to the pint, and is limpid and sparkling. The 

 water bears exportation well. Schwalbach lies 

 in a long and narrow valley, 968 feet above sea- 

 level, and the climate is cool. 



Spa, in Belgium, seventy miles east of Brus- 

 sels, has eight principal springs, known from 

 antiquity; the water is one of the best of the 

 chalybeate waters. It is strongly carbonated 

 and very palatable; it is used in baths and 

 douches also, at a temperature of from 80 to 

 92^ Fahr. It contains of a grain of carbonate 

 of iron to the pint, and is of great use in cases 

 where the blood has been impoverished either 

 in quality or in quantity, as in anaemia or after 

 haemorrhages. The place is beautiful. 



5. Calcic Waters. Alleghany Springs, Ba- 

 gneres-de-Bigorre, Bath, Berkeley Springs, Be- 

 thesda, Blue Ridge, Chianciano, Contrexeville, 

 Gettysburg, Leukerbad, Martigny, Yittel. 



Calcic waters are those which contain the 

 salts of lime as the leading constituents, gyp- 

 sum (the carbonate of lirne) or limestone 

 (the sulphate) usually predominating. They 



often contain carbonic-acid gas. Diseases of 

 the urinary system, such as catarrh, gravel 

 and calculus, diabetes mellitus, and dyspep- 

 sia, are often benefited by their use. They are 

 usually constipating, but, when taken in con- 

 siderable quantities, they sometimes have a 

 purgative effect. 



Bagneres-de-Bigorre, in the French Pyrenees, 

 at an elevation of 2,000 feet above sea-level, 

 has fifty thermal springs ranging from 66 to 

 124 Fahr. The splendid establishment is open 

 all the year round. The waters are used inter- 

 nally and in every form of bath. The climate 

 and the region are delightful ; it is one of the 

 most attractive resorts in Europe. The waters 

 are not merely calcic ; they contain more than 

 half a grain of iron to the pint, and are tonic, 

 sedative, and alterative. They are especially 

 useful for the "mind diseased" by suffering, 

 and in neuralgia, hysteria, melancholia, uterine 

 affections, and rheumatism of all kinds. Per- 

 sons of sedentary habit find them of special 

 tonic value. 



Chianciano, near Chiusi, in Italy, has a very 

 abundant thermal spring, in quality similar to 

 the Carlsbad waters. The surroundings and 

 climate are enchanting. There is a govern- 

 ment physician. The place is as yet frequented 

 only by Italians. 



Bath, on the Avon river, in England, is one 

 of the best known of the calcic waters. They 

 are used in the treatment of liver and stomach 

 disease of many kinds, but have lost much of 

 their former vogue. 



Berkeley Springs, in West Virginia, have 

 conveniences for bathing. The carbonate and 

 the crenate of lime are the leading constituents 

 of the water, which has proved valuable in 

 cases of debility and of neuralgia. 



Contrexeville, in the Vosges, situated in a 

 beautiful valley, 1,144 feet above sea-level, has 

 four springs. The water is used chiefly inter- 

 nally. It is eminently diuretic, and it is espe- 

 cially indicated in uric-acid gravel and the 

 gouty diathesis. The relief is immediate. Ves- 

 ical catarrh and engorgements of the prostate 

 gland are also successfully treated at Contre- 

 x6ville. There is a tine bathing establishment 

 with casino, park, and gardens. 



Leukerbad, in the Valais, Switzerland, is 

 noted for its baths, which are common to both 

 sexes, a feature which has survived from the 

 middle ages in these baths alone. They are es- 

 pecially useful in chronic skin- diseases, such as 

 lichen and psoriasis, and in the dyspepsia of 

 alcoholism. 



Martigny-les-Bains, in the Vosges, has two 

 cold springs, lately improved, and a complete 

 establishment. The waters are very efficacious 

 for the cure of gout and gravel. 



Vittel, in the Vosges, lias four abundant 

 springs and an admirable new establishment. 

 These waters give the best results in the cure 

 of gravel, in the gout of the anemic, in vesical 

 catarrh, and in diseases of the prostate gland. 



6. Thermal Waters. Finally, a class of waters 



