MINNESOTA. 



601 



only slightly mineralized may be mentioned, 

 whose efficacy is mainly due to their use as 

 hot baths. Such are the Hot Springs, in Bath 

 county, Va. ; Lebanon Springs, in Columbia 

 county, N. Y. ; Plombieres, in the Vosges, east- 

 ern France, 1,381 feet above sea-level, espe- 

 cially useful for rheumatic patients the bath- 

 ing establishments are magnificent, and in- 

 clude one of the ancient Roman thermae ; and 

 Schlangenbad, in the duchy of Nassau, sedative 

 in their action, and very beneficial in cases of 

 hysteria and nervous erythism. The latter 

 springs are known throughout Europe as " the 

 ladies' bath." 



Mention should also be made of a class of 

 springs which have lately come into much no- 

 tice and favor the arsenical springs. Of these, 

 La Bourboule, in the Puy-de-D6me, France, is 

 the most important. Its waters are of the first 

 importance in scrofulous affections and ly m phat- 

 isin, in diseases of the respiratory tract, and in 

 the cure of inveterate skin-diseases. The es- 

 tablishments are splendidly appointed. 



The curative values of mineral waters in 

 chronic disease, especially in conjunction with 

 treatment at the springs themselves, are great 

 and undeniable. But it must be remembered 

 that they can not be taken at random by the 

 patient. The suitable choice of springs can 

 only be made by a physician who understands 

 their varied properties. 



MINNESOTA. State Government. The follow- 

 ing were the State officers during the year: 

 Governor, Lucius F. Hubbard, Republican; 

 Lieutenant-Governor, Charles A. Oilman ; Sec- 

 retary of State, Frederick von Baumbach ; 

 Treasurer, Charles Kittelson ; Auditor, W. W. 

 Braden; Attorney-General, W. J. Hahn; Su- 

 perintendent of Public Instruction, D. L. 

 Kiehle. Judiciary, Supreme Court : Chief- 

 Justice, James Gilfillan; Associate Justices, 

 John M. Berry, William Mitchell, D. A. Dick- 

 inson, and Charles E. Vanderburg. 



Legislative Session. The Legislature met on 

 Jan. 16, and adjourned early in March. There 

 were 654 bills passed, of which 614 were signed 

 by the Governor, 27 vetoed, and 13 recalled. 

 Important railroad, grain, and dairy bills be- 

 came laws. 



The railroad bill provides for a commission 

 of three persons, to be appointed by the Gov- 

 ernor, who hold their office two years, and 

 have a salary of $3,500 each. It is made their 

 duty to inquire into the condition and manage- 

 ment of railroads in this State, and if any road 

 violates any of the provisions of the bill, or any 

 of the provisions of other laws in the State re- 

 lating to railroads, it is the duty of the com- 

 mission to prosecute that road in the name of 

 the State. It compels the companies to fur- 

 nish cars to all shippers in the order of their 

 application, and without unjust discrimination, 

 and to allow any person to construct ware- 

 houses of any capacity along the company's 

 road at their way-stations. 



The grain and warehouse bill simply at- 



tempts to govern the warehousing and in- 

 spection of grain at the three great grain- 

 markets of the State, St. Paul, Minneapolis, 

 and Duluth. 



Under the dairy bill the Governor is to ap- 

 point a State Dairy Commissioner to serve tor 

 two years and have a salary of $1,800, to em- 

 ploy experts, chemists, agents, and such coun- 

 sel as may be necessary. No person shall 

 manufacture any oleaginous substance or sub- 

 stances, or compound the same, or make any 

 article designed to take the place of butter or 

 cheese produced from pure unadulterated milk 

 or cream, under penalty of from $100 to $500, 

 or from six months' to one year's imprison- 

 ment, for violation of the act. 



Several bills looking to better sanitation were 

 passed. 



An important step in statutory progress was 

 taken by the enactment of a concise and gen- 

 erally acceptable penal code. 



A high-license bill failed to become a law. 

 The rate of interest on sales of public lands 

 was reduced from 7 to 5 per cent. 



Three district judgeships were created. 



A commission was created to locate a sec- 

 ond State Prison. 



A new Normal School was authorized at 

 Moorhead. 



One feature of the session was the consoli- 

 dation of all the road and bridge bills into an 

 omnibus bill, which appropriated $81,000 out 

 of the internal improvement fund for 226 roads 

 and bridges. The most interesting purely lo- 

 cal bill was that increasing the limits of St. 

 Paul, making its western boundary cotermi- 

 nous with the eastern limits of Minneapolis. 



Among other acts passed were the fol- 

 lowing : 



Increasing the salary of the Governor from $3,800 

 to $5,000, and of the Attorney-General from $2,000 to 

 $3,500. 



Provision for a census, to be taken by the town as- 

 sessors and returns to be made to the county auditor, 

 and by him to the Secretary of State. 



The tree- planting bounty act extended ten years. 



An experimental station for determining the intrin- 

 sic value of agricultural products by chemical and 

 mechanical methods established in conjunction with 

 the State University. 



Finances. The total appropriations are re- 

 spectively $1,340,841, $1,317,955, and $1,195,- 

 145 for the three years ending July 31, 1885, 



1886, and 1887, of which $289,840, each year, 

 are standing appropriations. The estimated re- 

 ceipts are $1,259,673.94 for 1885 ; $1,363,510 

 for 1886; and $1,213,500 for 1887. Accord- 

 ing to these estimates, there will be, there- 

 fore, a deficiency of $81,168 in 1885 and a 

 surplus of $45,555 in 1886, and of $18,355 in 



1887, leaving a net deficiency for the three 

 years of $17,258. 



Population. The census taken this year shows 

 a rapid growth in population, especially in 

 Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Duluth. The fol- 

 lowing is a table showing the population by 

 counties in 1885 and 1880 : 



