MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, AUTOMATIC. 



C19 



was a thing almost unknown in automatic 

 in u sic. 



In 18T8 Prof. M. Gaily took out the first of 

 n series of patents that had for their object 

 the controlling of tones by pneumatic appli- 

 ances to produce expression. As a result of 

 these improvements, there are, in the music- 

 sheet in which a succession of small perfora- 

 tions produces a continuous tone, eight distinct 

 features in construction, which may be best 

 described as follows : (a) A consecutive series 



resenting the notes of music, for acting upon 

 the stops, swells, and other expression devices 

 of the instrument. 



GALLY SCHEME OP EXPRESSION. 



of perforations at equal distances the one 

 from the other, their uniformity as to position 

 producing a uniformity of tone. (6) A cutting 

 out of the section between the perforations of 

 a short note for producing staccato effects, 

 (c) The cutting out of the section between the 

 leading perforations of a longer note for pro- 

 ducing explosive effects, (d) The elongation 

 of a note or notes less than the addition of a 

 complete perforation by elongating one of the 

 apertures for producing arpeggio chords, (e) 



MUSIC BOLL. 



Following the leading perforation of a note 

 with a succession of perforations of less diame- 

 ter, thus increasing the width of the uncut sec- 

 tions, for producing tremolo effects. (/) Very 

 small perforations elongated transversely for 

 use in trills and cornet-tonguing. (g) Lines of 

 perforations in the sheet other than those rep- 



ATMOSPHERIC COUNTERPOISE ACTION, 1878-'80. A, alr- 



chest; B, music-sheet; o, pneumatic motor ; c, souud- 

 ing-valve. 



The Orchestrone. This, invented by M. Gaily, 

 is constructed on the principles named in para- 

 graph 7 of the previous classification (p. 615). 

 The operation of the instrument is produced 

 by air in very small quantity passing through 

 the perforations of the music-sheet to act di- 

 rectly upon sensitive pneumatic motors. These 

 motors are exceedingly simple, and have no 

 valves to impede the quickness of their action. 

 In this respect they are a radical departure 

 from other known devices. The rapidity of 

 the pneumatic action permits the performing 

 of every kind of music from the solemn tread 

 of the organ to the most rapid piano trills. 

 The instrument is made in all sizes from that 

 of a mantel - clock to the largest church - 

 organ. 



The combination orchestrone, like some of 

 the older French instruments, such as the 

 organista harmonium, the Jtarmonium d cylin- 

 dre et clavier, and the modern ^Eolian organ, is 

 constructed and arranged to be played either 

 manually or automatically. It has, however, 

 in addition, an ingenious apparatus for pro- 

 ducing automatically the expression of the mu- 

 sic. This is done directly from the perforated 

 music- sheet, in which not only the notes of 

 the music but also the expression is prepared. 

 This adapts the instrument, when played me- 

 chanically, to produce artistic, expressive music 

 even when operated by a person having no 

 musical taste or skill. This instrument is fur- 

 ther provided with a device for shutting off 

 the expression from the music-sheet, and a few 

 small expression-keys, which are represented in 

 the illustration Optional Expression on either 

 side of the music-roll chamber, by means of 

 which a person having musical taste but with- 

 out any acquaintance with the note key-board 

 can give to the music, while the notes are be- 

 ing played automatically, any kind of expres- 

 sion he desires. This is intended to enable a 

 person, by practice on a few simple finger-keys, 

 quickly learned, to become a cultivated and ex- 

 pert musician without the drudgery of learning 

 and manipulating the key-board for the notes. 

 Another peculiarity of this instrument is a mo- 

 tor for the music-sheet, which has in its con- 



