OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



663 



and the storming of Trebinje. In 1881 he put 

 down a revolt of the Orivoscians and a rising 

 in Herzegovina. The same year he was ap- 

 pointed Governor of Dalraatia. 



Jolly, Philip von, a German physicist and 

 mathematician, died Jan. 1, 1885, in Munich, 

 where he filled the chair of Physics in the uni- 

 versity. He conducted important experiments 

 on endosmosis and on the expansion of gases 

 by heat, and, as the result of observations of 

 atmospheric variations, discovered a new meth- 

 od of ascertaining the weight and mean density 

 of the earth. 



Kalish, Marcos M., a German biblical critic, 

 died Sept. 23, 1885. He was exiled in conse- 

 quence of the Revolution of 1848, and resided 

 after that in England, where he was befriend- 

 ed by prominent Hebrews. He wrote a " Crit- 

 ical Commentary of the Pentateuch," an ex- 

 ceedingly learned work reflecting the opinions 

 of the rationalist school of criticism. He also 

 published a Hebrew grammar, and a book of 

 German poems entitled " Leben und Kunst." 



Kiel, Friedrich, a German composer, born in 

 Puderbach, Oct. 7, 1821 ; died in Berlin, Sept. 

 14, 1885. . He was the author of a requiem, a 

 ztabat mater, an oratorio called " Christus," 

 and a missa solennis and other sacred pieces, 

 displaying technical knowledge and refinement 

 i and purity of style. 



Kostomaroff, Nicholas IvanoYich, a Russian his- 

 torian, born in 1817 ; died in St. Petersburg, 

 April 19, 1885. He served a few years in the 

 army. His dissertation on the Uniate schism 

 was suppressed in 1842. His treatise on Rus- 

 sian popular poetry failed to secure him a pro- 

 fessorship at Kharkov because he was suspected 

 of democratic leanings. Becoming assistant 

 professor at Kiev in 1846, he was arrested and 

 incarcerated in the fortress at St. Petersburg 

 for a year, and then interned at Saratov. When 

 Alexander II came to the throne he was liber- 

 ated from police surveillance and allowed to 

 publish his historical writings, which fill forty 

 volumes. Since 1858 he had occupied the chair 

 of History in the University of St. Petersburg. 



Lacoste, M. (known by his pen-name of " Saint 

 Amand "), born Nov. 1, 1797 ; died in Paris, 

 Jan. 16, 1885. He wrote the melodrama 

 '* L'Auberge des Adrets," was joint author of 

 " Robert Macaire," and produced " La Chaise 

 de Poste," "Philippe II, Roi d'Espagne," and 

 many other vaudevilles. 



Landerer, Franz Xaver, a German pharmacist, 

 living in Greece, born in Munich in 1809 ; 

 died in Athens, July 19, 1885. He studied 

 philosophy and medicine at the University of 

 Munich. Prince Otho of Bavaria, elected 

 King of Greece in 1832, made Landerer, who 

 had just completed his studies, Instructor in 

 Pharmacy at the school in Athens. In this 

 capacity he was successful in doing much to 

 establish pharmacy on a scientific basis, and 

 to overthrow the ignorance and superstition 

 . among those practicing this art. In 1834 a 

 < commission was appointed for the purpose of 



compiling a Greek pharmacopoeia. This work 

 was undertaken by Landerer, John Bouros, 

 and Joseph Satorius, and in 1837 the book was 

 published, printed both in Latin and in mod- 

 ern Greek. Landerer prepared in 1868, at his 

 own expense, a now edition of this work, which 

 he greatly enriched by a voluminous commen- 

 tary entirely written by his own hand. The 

 University of Athens was established in 1837, 

 and Landerer was called to fill the chair of 

 Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy. In 1843 

 a law was passed forbidding any but native 

 Greeks from holding official places, and he was 

 obliged to give up his professorship. As no 

 one suitable to take his place could be found, 

 he was continued in office by a special order 

 of the Government. He also served for twenty- 

 five years without remuneration as Professor 

 of Chemical Technology at the Polytechnic 

 School of Athens. The popular prejudice 

 against foreigners, which in 1862 led to the de- 

 thronement of the King and the expulsion of 

 many of his German associates, seriously af- 

 fected Landerer, and he was compelled to resign 

 all his state appointments. His chief attention 

 from this time was directed to the manage- 

 ment of a pharmaceutical establishment of his 

 own which he had founded at Athens, and to 

 literary work. His contributions to contem- 

 porary journals are very numerous. His arti- 

 cles refer chiefly to the origin and uses of Ori- 

 ental remedies. Within the past few years he 

 successfully organized the Panhellenic Phar- 

 maceutical Society, and also began the publica- 

 tion of a pharmaceutical journal in Greek. 



MacCabe, Cardinal, Archbishop of Dublin, died 

 in Kingston, Feb. 11, 1885. He was born in 

 Dublin, of poor parents, and showed such in- 

 tellectual promise that he was admitted to 

 Maynooth College, and was ordained as a 

 priest. Cardinal Cullen selected him for the 

 office of administrator of the cathedral. In 

 the course of time he became vicar-general, 

 and in 1877 coadjutor-bishop, and in 1878 

 succeeded Cardinal Cullen in the archbishop- 

 ric. In 1882 the Pope made him a cardinal. 

 He discouraged the Irish movement, and in- 

 veighed against conspiracy and revolution. 



Maffei, Andrea, an Italian poet, born in Trent 

 in 1800; died in Milan, Oct. 27, 1885. He 

 studied in Germany, and began his literary 

 career by translating the German poets into 

 Italian. He subsequently translated " Paradise 

 Lost" and " Child e Harold." He wrote a 

 great number of poems, distinguished for ele- 

 gance and purity of style ; but he was disliked 

 by his countrymen for his attachment to the 

 Austrians. 



Mamiani della Rome, Count Terenzlo, an Italian 

 statesman and philosopher, born in Pesaro in 

 1800; died in Rome, May 21, 1885. He was 

 educated by the Jesuits in Rome. In 1831 he 

 was one of the leaders of the popular move- 

 ment in the Romagna, and was a member of 

 the provisional government of Bologna. Capt- 

 ured by the Austrians, he was incarcerated in 



