OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



665 



ment made him a lieutenant-general. He or- 

 ganized the volunteer force of Central Italy, 

 drove out the last of the Bourbon garrisons, 

 and commanded the territorial division of Pia- 

 cenza and then that of Cagliari. In 1866 he 

 commanded a division under Gen. Cialdini, 

 which did not come into action. When the 

 Left came into power in 1876, he became Min- 

 ister of War. In 1870 he was made a senator. 

 Mouro, H. A. J., an English classical scholar, 

 i born in Elgin in 1819 ; died in Rome, March 31, 

 1885. He was educated at Shrewsbury School 

 under Dr. Kennedy, and at Trinity College, 

 i Cambridge. His principal work was a new 

 i edition of Lucretius, published in 1860, and in 

 revised form, with a literal translation, in 1870. 

 In 1869 he published an edition of Horace, and 

 " Criticisms and Elucidations of Catullus " in 

 1878. He wrote numerous pieces in Latin 

 verse remarkably elegant and natural in style, 

 and in later life accomplished the difficult task 

 of translating Gray's "Elegy" into elegiacs, 

 though the production was criticised for the 

 ; ruggedness and license of its diction. 



Mozaffnr Eddin, Ameer of Bokhara, born in 

 1826 ; died Nov. 14, 1885. He succeeded his fa- 

 ther, Nasrullah Khan, in 1860. While he was en- 

 gaged in a war with Khokand and planning the 

 conquest of Merv and the annexation of Balkh, 

 s Gen. Tchernaieff advanced in 1864 and capt- 

 ured Tashkend from the Khokandians. The 

 Russian envoys sent to secure a friendly un- 

 derstanding with Bokhara were thrown into 

 prison. War ensued, but Gen. Tchernaieff was 

 driven back over the Jaxartes. Gen. Roma- 

 noff sky took a stronger force and routed the 

 Ameer's army on May 20, 1866, and later in 

 the year captured his two strongest forts. 

 The peace that was concluded was broken in 

 1868 by the fanatical Bokharans, who pro- 

 voked Gen. Kaufraann to seize Samarcand. 

 Mozaffur accepted Russian control in his for- 

 eign policy, and gave effective aid to Russian 

 plans during the rest of his reign. 



Muirhead, John, an English engineer, born in 

 1807; died Sept. 24, 1885. He was assistant 

 to the resident engineer of the tubular bridges 

 designed by Stephenson, and continued in the 

 employ of Stephenson when he turned his at- 

 tention to the development of the telegraph. 

 He introduced many improvements in telegra- 

 phy, notably the Muirhead battery. 



Murray, Alexander, an English geologist, died 



' in January, 1885. He served in the British 



navy, and was a volunteer in Canada during 



the rebellion. He assisted in the geological 



survey of Canada, and conducted a geological 



survey of Newfoundland. He wrote a treatise 



- of the geology and mineralogy of that island. 



Nachtigal, Gnstav, a German explorer, born in 

 Eichstadt in 1834; died April 24, 1885, on the 

 ' gunboat " Mowe," on his way home from Af- 

 rica. He studied medicine, and practiced as 

 a military surgeon until obliged, by failing 

 health, to repair to Algiers in 1862. The fol- 

 , lowing year he went to Tunis and became 



physician to the Bey. In 1868 he started for 

 Borneo with presents for the Sultan from the 

 King of Prussia, and in 1874 emerged at Khar- 

 toum. His adventures and discoveries are de- 

 scribed in a large work completed in 1880. 

 When the French established a protectorate in 

 Tunis, Dr. Nachtigal was appointed consul- 

 general, where he remained until he was sent, 

 in the spring of 1884, as commissioner to the 

 West Coast of Africa, charged with effecting 

 the German annexations in that quarter. 



Neuville, Alphonse de, a French painter, born 

 in Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais) in 1836 ; died in 

 Paris, May 19, 1885. He was sent to the prepara- 

 tory naval school at L'Orient, where the draw- 

 ing-master encouraged his passion for sketching. 

 His family were unwilling to have him follow 

 the profession of an artist. He studied law in 

 Paris and passed his examinations successfully, 

 but devoted much of his time to drawing from 

 life in the military school on the Champs de 

 Mars, and became more fixed in his determina- 

 tion to be a painter. In company with his 

 father he consulted the two leading military 

 painters of the day. They discerned no evi- 

 dence of talent in his drawings, and warned 

 him of the privations of an artist's life. Never- 

 theless, he entered the studio of M. Picot. 

 When his master forbade the use of colors and 

 set him at drawing, he left and went to work 

 by himself. Completing his first picture, "The 

 Fifth Battalion ot Chasseurs at the Gervais 

 Battery," in the winter of 1858-'59, he sub- 

 mitted it to M. Picot, who was surprised at 

 the ripeness and vigor of the work. Altering 

 it according to the strictures of his former 

 master, M. de Neuville exhibited his painting 

 in the Salon, and received a medal. The can- 

 vas attracted the attention of Delacroix, who 

 encouraged the young artist to study move- 

 ment. In 1860 he went to Italy in the com- 

 mission of an artistic society to paint the capt- 

 ure of Naples by Garibaldi. He obtained a 

 second medal, in 1861, for the "Chasseurs of 

 the Guard in the Trenches of the Mamelon 

 Vert." He illustrated Guyot's "History of 

 France," and other publications of Hachette. 

 In 1864 lie obtained a marked success with 

 " The Attack of the Chasseurs and Zouaves of 

 the Guard on the Streets of Magenta," which 

 was purchased by the state for his native town. 

 In 1866 he exhibited "A Zouave Sentinel," 

 and the following year the "Battle of San Lo- 

 renzo." When the war of 1870 broke out, 

 De Neuville obtained a commission as an en- 

 gineer officer of the auxiliary corps, and later 

 an appointment on the staff of Gen. Collier 

 as commissariat officer. He participated in the 

 engagements at Le Bourget and Champigny. 

 He had every opportunity to pursue the ar- 

 tistic purposes for which he joined the army. 

 His first picture of the war was the " Bivouac 

 before Le Bourget," exhibited in 1872, and 

 bought by the Government for the Museum 

 of Dijon. The famous painting of "The Last 

 Cartridges," which obtained him the deco- 



