688 



PHARMACY. 



On cotton goods From 25 to 40 per cent. 



On woolens " 25 " 40 " 



On linen " 25 " 40 " 



Onsilks " 80"40 " 



On furniture and house-furnishing 



goods and clothing. " 85 " 50 " 



On beverages " 50 " 70 " 



On drugs and medicines " 80 " 50 " 



The new tariff to be in force in 1885-'86. 



Coolies* In January Sefior A. Sauri returned 

 to Lima after signing a contract for the estab- 

 lishment of a line of steamers between China 

 and Peru, and the initiation of a stream of 

 immigration, which is to enable farmers and 

 miners to resume work. The project will be 

 at once carried into effect. The system of sale 

 is abolished, and the planters, who in former 

 times had to pay out $200 or $300 to the la- 

 bor-contractors, will now only have to pay 15 

 to the steamship company. The wages of the 

 laborers are stipulated at from 60 to 65 cents 

 a day, and they can break their contract, 

 which is for five years, at any moment, by re- 

 turning 3 for each unelapsed year. 



Commerce. American trade with Peru has 

 been as follows : 



PHARMACY. The year's history in this art 

 has been one of continual progress. The Board 

 of Regents of the University of Iowa decided 

 early in the year to arrange for a school of 

 pharmacy at Iowa City, in connection with 

 their university. The first annual course of 

 lectures was begun on Oct. 28. An examina- 

 tion is required for admission. A department 

 of pharmacy has been formed at the Univer- 

 sity of Ohio, Columbus, with the appointment 

 of G. B. Kaufmann as Professor of Pharmacy. 

 The State Legislature of Kansas has created 

 a chair of pharmacy at the State University, 

 Lawrence. Entrance examinations were this 

 year demanded at the colleges of pharmacy at 

 Albany, Boston, and New York. Parke, Davis 

 & Co. have established a school of pharmacy 

 in connection with their manufacturing labora- 

 tory at Detroit. The course, embracing work in 

 chemistry, pharmacy, systematic botany, phar- 

 macognosy, analytical chemistry, and materia 

 medica, was inaugurated Oct. 28. A free course 

 of weekly lectures on pharmacy and allied sub- 

 jects, given under the auspices of the Kings 

 County Pharmaceutical Society, was begun in 

 Brooklyn during November. A correspond- 

 ence school of pharmacy, having the title of 

 National Institute of Pharmacy, located at Chi- 

 cago, was started early in the year. During 

 1885, laws regulating the practice of pharmacy 

 were adopted in Kansas, Minnesota, Michigan, 

 and Massachusetts. 



The sixth International Pharmaceutical Con- 

 gress was held at Brussels, Belgium, Aug. 31 

 to Sept. 5. The presiding officer, under the 

 patronage of the King of Belgium, was D. Van 



Bastelaer, who was assisted by several vice- 

 presidents from the different nations repre- 

 sented. The Congress was divided into four 

 sections, each of which devoted its attention 

 to the consideration of a special topic, and sub- 

 mitted its decisions to the entire body for final 

 action. The principal subjects considered were 

 the international pharmacopoeia, the educa- 

 tional requirements of pharmacists, proprie- 

 tary articles, and the position of the pharma- 

 cist in relation to the adulteration of foods 

 and medicines. The Congress adjourned to 

 meet at Milan, Italy, in 1888. The thirty -third 

 annual meeting of the American Pharmaceu- 

 tical Association was held at Pittsburg, Pa., 

 from Sept. 8 to Sept. 11. Joseph Robert, of 

 Maryland, was chosen president, and John M. 

 Maisch continued in office as permanent sec- 

 retary. Providence, R. I., was selected to be 

 the place of meeting in 1886. Numerous local 

 organizations have been formed during the 

 year. The National Retail Druggists' Associa- 

 tion's annual meeting was also held at Pitts- 

 burg on Sept. 7. During its session a plan of 

 reorganization was adopted, whereby all por- 

 tions of the country could be represented at 

 its meetings. Edward A. Sayre, of New York, 

 was elected president, and J. W. Colcord, of 

 Massachusetts, remains secretary. The tenth 

 annual meeting of the National Wholesale 

 Drug Association took place at Philadelphia on 

 Oct. 20. Trade interests were thoroughly dis- 

 cussed. The "rebate plan," in some of its 

 modifications, was considered, and resolutions 

 affecting certain points were adopted. M. N. 

 Kline, of Pennsylvania, was chosen president, 

 and A. B. Merriam, of Minnesota, secretary. 

 The Association adjourned to meet in Minneap- 

 olis. The " Campion plan," which had prom- 

 ised so well during the early part of 1884, came 

 to an end on Feb. 11. The protection ex- 

 tended to the retailers by this plan depended 

 largely upon their combining together for the 

 purpose of maintaining the prices fixed. Such 

 a combination proved impossible. A retailer 

 within the plan could not successfully compete 

 with his neighbor, who, notwithstanding the 

 organization, was in some way able to obtain 

 goods and sell them below schedule rates. 

 Many of the jobbers withdrew from the Asso- 

 ciation ; others were " cut off" ; till finally, at 

 a meeting held in Philadelphia, it was voted 

 that the " Campion plan " be indefinitely sus- 

 pended. A new coupon plan, devised by Isaac 

 "W. Ives, was suggested as a means for the pro- 

 tection of the retailers. It met with some ap- 

 proval at first, but its progress has not been 

 sufficient to warrant much hope of its ultimate 

 success. With the failure of these protect^ 

 measures, many of the local associations organ- 

 ized for their maintenance passed away. The 

 New York Druggists' Union was succeeded Ij 

 the New York Drug Association, with W. M. 

 Massey as president, and H. M. Schmid as sec- 

 retary. The " rebate plan " still finds favor 

 among the jobbers, and bids fair to become a 



