ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 



ROUMANIA. 



713 



The Archbishop of Vienna protested against 

 the exhibition in that city of a picture by the 

 artist Veraschagin, and a solemn mass of repa- 

 ration was celebrated, at which a large number 

 of people assisted, to atone for the public insult 

 to the Blessed Virgin, done by the painter in 

 representing her as the mother of more than 

 one child. Cardinal Schwarzenberg, born at 

 Vienna in 1809, died. He was Archbishop of 

 Prague and a cardinal priest, created Jan. 24, 

 1842. The Italian cardinals that died during 

 the year were Chigi, aged eighty-four ; Lasagni, 

 at the age of seventy-one ; Nina, born in 1812 ; 

 and Panebianco, born in 1808. 



In Canada, the rebellion of Louis Riel was 

 given a religious gloss by the insane ravings 

 found in the papers of Riel, and the statement 

 that the late Mgr. Bourget had called him a 

 providential leader of the Me"tis, who felt that 

 they had sustained wrongs at the hands of the 

 Canadian authorities. But the voice of the 

 ecclesiastical authorities was on the side of 

 law and order, and against a hopeless strug- 

 gle, and, after the execution of Riel, did much 

 to calm the violent indignation of the French 

 Canadians. 



On Nov. 27 the Pope addressed an important 

 brief to the bishops of England on the question 

 of religious education. 



Australia, which had already been honored 

 by a cardinal's hat in July, 1885 bestowed on 

 Most Rev. Dr. Moran, Archbishop of Sydney 

 was the scene of a plenary council, which fitly 

 closed a year of religious progress in that col- 

 ony. 



On Feb. 11, 1885, the Most Rev. Edward 

 McCabe, Cardinal and Archbishop of Dublin, 

 died. He was succeeded by the Rev. William 

 J. Walsh, D. D., President of Maynooth Col- 

 lege. The ceremony of his consecration was 

 performed at Rome by Cardinal Moran on 

 Aug. 2, 1885. Among the deaths of notable 

 Catholics was that of Lady Georgiana Fuller- 

 ton, sister of Earl Granville, who, by her writ- 

 ings, had done much toward the elevation of 

 Catholic English literature ; and that of A. M. 

 Sullivan, author of " New Ireland,' 1 in whose 

 death the Catholics of Ireland felt that they 

 had met with a great loss. 



In, the United States, Archbishop Ryan, who 

 had succeeded Archbishop Wood in the Diocese 

 of Philadelphia, received the pallium on Jan. 

 4, 1885 ; and on Jan. 25, Archbishop Leray, 

 who had succeeded Archbishop Perche" in the 

 Diocese of New Orleans, also received the pal- 

 lium from Rome. On the same day the Rev. 

 Camillus Maes was consecrated Bishop of Cov- 

 ington, Ky. On March 19, Rt. Rev. Antoine 

 Durier, D. D., was consecrated Bishop of Nat- 

 chitoches by Archbishop Leray. On April 19, 

 Rt. Rev. A. J. Glorieux was consecrated Bishop 

 and Vicar-General of Idaho by Archbishop Gib- 

 bons in Baltimore. On Aug. 2, Rt. Rev. Rich- 

 ard Phelan was consecrated Titular Bishop of 

 Cibyra and coadjutor to Rt. Rev. J. Twigg, 

 Bishop of Pittsburg. On Aug. 15 a temporary 



chapel and memorial cross were dedicated at 

 Auriesville, N. Y., where Father Isaac Jogues 

 and Ren6 Goupil were martyred by the In- 

 dians in 1042 and 1646. On Sept. 20 the Rt. 

 Rev. Jeremiah O'Sulli van was consecrated Bish- 

 op of Mobile, Ala., by Archbishop Gibbons. 



The reports of the churches show a large 

 decrease in debt and a large interest in paro- 

 chial schools. The project for the founding of 

 a Catholic university at Washington has met 

 with much favor, and is energetically pushed 

 forward. The consecration of St. Patrick's 

 and St. Peter's Churches in New York, and 

 St. Patrick's Church in Hartford, Conn., are 

 hopeful signs that church debts will soon be 

 paid off and more consecrations made possible. . 

 On Dec. 4, Rt. Rev. Dorninic Manucy, Bishop 

 of Maronea and Vicar Apostolic of Browns- 

 ville, Texas, died. He was born at St. Augus- 

 tine, Fla., in 1823. He had been Bishop of 

 Mobile, but had resigned that see. On Sept. 

 20, Archbishop Riordan, of San Francisco, was 

 invested with the pallium. 



The Most Eminent and Most Reverend John 

 McCloskey, Archbishop of New York, died at 

 the archiepiscopal residence on Oct. 10. (See 

 MoCLosKEY, JOHN.) He was succeeded by the 

 Most Rev. Dr. Corrigan, Titular Archbishop of 

 Petra, formerly Bishop of Newark, N. J. 



There are now in the United States 12 arch- 

 bishops, 62 bishops, 7,296 priests, 85 colleges, 

 and 492,949 children attending 2,621 parochial 

 schools. It is hardly possible, from the statis- 

 tics furnished, to estimate exactly the Catholic 

 population of the United States. 



The year 1885-'86 is notable for the creation 

 of a new American cardinal, this honor falling 

 on Archbishop Gibbons, of Baltimore. 



ROUMANIA, a kingdom of eastern Europe. 

 Absolute independence from Turkey was pro- 

 claimed May 22, 1877, and was recognized by 

 the powers at the Congress of Berlin, June 13, 

 1878. The principality of Roumania was erect- 

 ed into a kingdom March 26, 1881. The Con- 

 stitution delegates the legislative power to the 

 Senate, of 120 members, and the Chamber of 

 Deputies, of 183 members, chosen by electoral 

 colleges. Every taxed citizen is a voter. The 

 King, Carol I, the son of Prince Hohenzollern- 

 Sigmaringen, was born April 20, 1839. He 

 was elected Prince of Roumania in 1866. The 

 ministry is composed of the following mem- 

 bers : President of the Council and Minister of 

 the Interior, and of Foreign Affairs ad interim, 

 J. 0. Bratiano ; Minister of Public Instruction 

 and Worship, D. Sturdza ; Minister of Finance, 

 G. Lecca ; Minister of Agriculture, Commerce, 

 and Domains, A. Stolojan ; Minister of Justice, 

 C. Nacu ; Minister of War, Gen. E. Falcoiano. 



Area and Population. The area of Roumania 

 is 48,307 square miles. The population is esti- 

 mated to be 5,376,000. The number of mar- 

 riages in 1884 was 40,548; of births, 201,413; 

 of deaths, 123,808 ; natural increment, 77,605. 

 The population of Bucharest, the capital, is 

 about 221,000. 



