SALISBURY. MARQUIS OF. 



SALVADOR. 



question of arrears of rent. His party deserted 

 him, and intrusted the leadership to Sir Staf- 

 ford Northcote, preferring the guidance of a 

 safer man, who would not plunge them into a 

 dangerous reactionary revolution. He declared 

 that, when the reform of the upper house be- 

 came a subject of the day, he would abide by 

 the principle that " any institution which could 

 not hold its own ground on the free and fair 

 discussion of its merits should cease to exist." 

 The rivalry between Sir Stafford Northcote 

 and Lord Randolph Churchill in the House of 

 Commons, and his own sagacious as well as 

 vigorous conduct of the parliamentary contest 

 over the reform bill, reinstated him in his po- 

 sition at the head of the party. Sir Stafford 

 Northcote offered no serious resistance to the 

 efforts of the rising and popular leader of the 

 Tory Democracy to supplant him. The Mar- 

 quis of Salisbury and Lord Randolph Churchill 

 seemed likely to draw out the full strength of 

 the Conservative vote in the coming election. 

 When the Gladstone Cabinet suddenly threw 

 up their portfolios (see GREAT BRITAIN), Lord 

 Salisbury was the statesman whom the Queen 

 preferred as Prime Minister, and whose expe- 

 rience and influence in foreign politics were 

 needed to put an end to the vexatious misun- 

 derstandings and petty quarrels that paralyzed 

 England's action and diminished her influence. 

 Prince Bismarck welcomed his accession to 

 office as indicating a return to a consistent and 

 rational policy. The Afghan and the Egyp- 

 tian questions were settled in accordance with 

 the intentions of the late Cabinet. When the 

 Eastern question was reopened by the Roume- 

 lian revolution, Lord Salisbury, by esponsing 

 the cause of the Bulgarian people and their 

 prince, and resisting successfully the conclu- 

 sions of the combined Continental powers, re- 

 gained for England her position as a leading 

 arbiter of the destinies of southeastern Europe 

 and her influence as a friend both of Turkey 

 and of the rising young nationalities of the 

 East, and their defender against absorption by 

 the neighboring empires. On social and eco- 

 nomical questions Lord Salisbury has main- 

 tained the principle of the liberty of the indi- 

 vidual, though not opposed to a moderate meas- 

 ure of state interference for the protection or 

 benefit of the working-classes. He was the 

 special advocate of legislative action to secure 

 the better housing of the poor. His appear- 

 ance on the floor of Parliament is striking and 

 commanding. He is tall, with a slight stoop 

 of the shoulders, a thick, heavy, dark-brown 

 beard, delicate features, and remarkably clear 

 and flashing eyes. His voice is strong and 

 ringing. His combative and satirical style of 

 oratory and impetuous vigor in denunciation 

 leave the impression of a gloomy political pes- 

 simist, and explain the character formerly given 

 to him of a champion of a defeated cause, a 

 Prometheus tortured by the Radical vulture. 

 In private life he is amiable and genial, charm- 

 ing in manners and in conversation, a thorough 



example of old-fashioned English courtesy. As 

 the head of an illustrious family of the older 

 nobility, descended from Queen Elizabeth's 

 minister Lord Burleigh, as the hospitable mas- 

 ter of Hatfield House, one of the most beauti- 

 ful country-seats in England, and as the pos- 

 sessor of a fortune of 50,000 a year, the Mar- 

 quis of Salisbury possesses rare social adjuncts 

 to his political and diplomatic abilities. His 

 wife, a daughter of the late Baron Alderson, 

 whom he married in 1857, entered sympathetic- 

 ally and with fine tact into the social part of 

 the minister's life, and bore herself proudly as 

 the great Tory dame, with a somewhat haughty 

 reserve toward the unaristocratic representa- 

 tives of the party. The Marquis of Salisbury 

 is known as a benevolent landlord. He is de- 

 voted to his family, a devout and consistent 

 Christian, and learned in theological science 

 and church lore. He has also given much at- 

 tention to chemical studies. With literary, 

 historical, and classical knowledge, he has the 

 ready familiarity necessary for a great parlia- 

 mentary orator and a brilliant political writer. 



SALVADOR, a republic of Central America. 

 Area, 18,720 square kilometres; population, 

 613,273. 



Government* The Provisional President (since 

 June 19, 1885) is Gen. Francisco Menendez, the 

 victorious soldier who, after the death of Gen. 

 Barrios, carried the war into Salvador, being 

 one of Bnrrios's chiefs, and finally assumed the 

 dictatorship there. His Cabinet was composed 

 of the following ministers: Foreign Affairs, 

 Justice and Public Instruction, Dr. Rafael 

 Meza; Finance and Interior, Seflor Jos6 Anto- 

 nio Quir6s; Public Works, Sefior Cruz Ulloa; 

 Commerce and Charitable Institutions, Dr. 

 Francisco E. Galinda; and Secretary -General 

 of the Ministry, Dr. Eugenio Araujo. 



Education. In December the Constituent As- 

 sembly approved the articles of the Constitu- 

 tion declaring public instruction in Salvador to 

 be laic, gratuitous, and obligatory, prohibiting 

 all monasteries, and guaranteeing the free ex- 

 ercise of religion. 



Railroads. The only railway in operation 

 throughout its entire length is the one of fi 

 teen miles from the port of Acajutla to Sonso- 

 nate. One between the latter place and the 

 port of La Libertad, forty miles, is in course of 

 construction. In November the Government 

 made a contract with Sefior Francisco Cama- 

 cho, representing the Salvador Railway Con- 

 struction Company, to finish this latter line 

 from Salvador to Santa Ana. The Govern- 

 ment guarantees the interest on bonds. 



In February the Government granted 1 

 Messrs. Francisco Camacho and Encarnacio*n 

 Mejia the exclusive privilege for ten years ot 

 running a line of horse-cars in the capital. 



Telegraphs. Over the 2,100 miles of telegraph 

 in operation in 1883, there were sent in that 

 year 151,528 messages, 96,404 of which were 

 private and 55,124 Government. 



Import Duties. In March the Government 



