772 



URUGUAY. 



UTAH. 



can Consul at Colonia, Mr. B. D. Manton. and 

 at Montevideo Mr. T. K. Jernigen. The Uru- 

 guayan Minister at Washington is Seflor E. M. 

 Estrazulas, and the Consul at San .Francisco 

 Mr. J. G. Grace. 



Army and Navy. The standing army com- 

 prised in 1885 three battalions of sharp-shoot- 

 ers, five regiments of horse, and two regiments 

 of artillery, together 3,061 men and 12 officers. 

 There is, besides, a police force of 3,200 men, 

 and a National Guard of 20,000 men. 



The navy is composed of three small steam- 

 ers, two gunboats, and a coasting craft. 



Finances. The public debt on Jan. 1, 1884, 

 stood as follows: 



Consolidated home debt $88,938,184 



Foreign indebtedness 16,297,344 



International indebtedness 4,040,875 



Total $59,275,908 



There was besides at that date paper money 

 in circulation to the amount of $1,696,892. 



Commerce. Uruguayan foreign trade devel- 

 oped during the four years 1881-'84 as fol- 

 lows : 



The American trade was as follows : 



Communications. There were in operation in 

 1885, altogether, 265 miles of railway. 



The length of land lines of telegraph in op- 

 eration in 1883 was 669 miles, and there was 

 besides a cable 101 miles in length. 



The number of post-offices was 234 in 1885. 



Live-Stock. Up to the end of June, 1885, the 

 saladeros of Uruguay had slaughtered about 

 800,000 head of cattle, representing a value of 

 $16,000,000. To this must be added 500,000 

 hides of animals slaughtered for consumption, 

 and the wool and produce of about 15,000,000 



The Liebig Company at Fray-Bentos, founded 

 twenty-two years since, has slaughtered for 

 use in its factory 716,004 head of cattle in the 

 past five years. The meat is boiled under a 

 steam pressure of 75 pounds to the square 

 inch. The broth thus obtained is conducted 

 through pipes into tubs, where the greasy sub- 

 stances are skimmed off ; it is then made to 

 flow into clarifying tanks, where a further 

 cleansing process takes place. Thence it is 

 pumped into cooling vats where it is filtered, 

 and ^th en through evaporation converted into 

 the jelly in which it appears in commerce after 

 being decrystallized in large tubs. A rival 

 company, the " Trinidad," has been started on 



the banks of the San Jos6 river, forty miles 

 from Montevideo, which consumes 250 head of 

 cattle daily. 



The Great Montevideo Breakwater. The port of 

 Montevideo is conceded to be the best between 

 Rio de Janeiro and Bahia Blanca in the Ar- 

 gentine Republic; but it suffers from being 

 exposed to southerly winds. The harbor itself 

 is easily accessible, has any amount of space, 

 and good anchorage - ground. These winds 

 from the south are, it is true, confined to cer- 

 tain months, from May to August, but they 

 are then so frequent that the difficulties aris- 

 ing from this cause are statistically proved to 

 fill one third of the year. The great break- 

 water to be built by London contractors is to 

 do away with this obstacle. It is to be con- 

 structed of solid stone after the model of the 

 one at Plymouth, England. It is to stretch 

 from the promontory on which Montevideo is 

 situated to a corner of the bay opposite, a dis- 

 tance of two miles and a half across the har- 

 bor, but leave on both sides room enough for 

 the passage of vessels. The cost, without 

 counting that of dredging the new entrance, 

 will amount to 3,000,000, on which the Gov- 

 ernment will pay 8 per cent, interest. 



The South American Commission. The South 

 American Commission from the United States 

 was cordially received by the Government at 

 Montevideo on June 8. It was asked to use its 

 influence in favor of extending the American 

 cable system to Uruguay. The commission 

 left for Rio de Janeiro on June 18, and re- 

 ported to Congress as follows : 



We unhesitatingly say that in our opinion the 

 United States can in a few years advance to a position 

 as superior to any other mition in its commerce with 

 this country as if is now interior. The object can be 

 reached by placing a steamship line on such a basis 

 that it can carry freight and passengers at as low a 

 rate from Montevideo to our ports as they are now 

 transported to Europe. The President of Uruguay 

 expressed a desire to negotiate a treaty with the Unit- 

 ed States as soon as the latter shoula request it. He 

 was desirous of finding a basis for a mutual concession 

 out of which might come a greater commerce between 

 the two countries. The people of Uruguay preferred 

 to do their business with our country if it could be 

 done on as reasonable and profitable terms as with 

 any other. He also favored the calling of a conven- 

 tion of all the republics of the western hemisphere by 

 the United States. 



UTAH. Territorial Government The following 

 were the Territorial officers during the year: 

 Governor, Eli H. Murray; Secretary, Arthur 

 L. Thomas; Treasurer, James Jack; Auditor, 

 Nephi W. Clayton ; Superintendent of Public 

 Instruction, L." G. Nuttall. Judiciary, Supreme 

 Court: Chief -Justice, Charles S. Zane; Asso- 

 ciate Justices, Jacob S. Boreman and Philip F. 

 Emerson, succeeded by Orlando W. Powers. 

 The Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent 

 of Public Instruction are holding under an 

 election by the people, although it has been 

 decided that under the organic act they should 

 be appointed by the Governor, with the con- 

 sent of the Council. 



