ARCHEOLOGY. 



33 



ing of the age when they were made. They 

 are attributed to the period before Phidias, 

 and are regarded by Dr. Waldstein as marking 

 the transition from the period of working in 

 wood to that of working in marble. In sup- 

 port of his supposition. Dr. Waldstein cites 

 peculiarities in the modeling and construction 

 of the statues, which appear to have been 

 borrowed from the methods of working in 

 wood. Several of the statues had eyes of 

 glass. The fringe of the tunic and cloak is 

 adorned with parallel painted lines, and among 

 these are painted small crosses and other orna- 

 ments resembling those of antique vases. The 



ARCHAIC STATUE FOUND IN ATHENS. 



colors have mostly preserved their primitive 

 luster. Dr. Waldstein fixes the date of the 

 statues at between 510 and 470 B. o. Among 

 the other fragments of sculpture and archi- 

 tecture discovered in these excavations are in- 

 scribed stones, one of which bears the name of 

 Evenor, and another, a pedestal, that of Ante- 

 nor. The latter monument excites interest, 

 because Antenor was the name of the artist 

 who executed the statues decreed by the 

 Athenians to the tyrannicides Harmodius and 

 Aristogiton, which were taken to Persia by 

 Xerxes, but were afterward restored to the 

 Athenians by Alexander or Antiochus. 

 VOL. xxvi. 3 A 



Antiquity of the Palace of Tiryns. Mr. W. J. 



Stillman and Mr. F. 0. Penrose have called in 

 question the extreme antiquity assigned by 

 Dr. Schliemann to the ruins he has excavated 

 at Tiryns. They cite in justification of their 

 doubts the occurrence of small stones, of marks 

 of the saw and chisel and the tubular metallic 

 drill, and of burned bricks in parts of the walls 

 of the so-called Palace of Tiryns, as giving to 

 the work there a fundamental difference in 

 character from that of the undoubted Pelasgic 

 architecture. Their views were fully presented 

 in papers by them, which were read at the 

 meeting of the Hellenic Society on the 2d of 

 July, and were replied to in detail by Dr. 

 Schliemann and Dr. Dorpfeldt. Dr. Schliemann 

 maintained that his critics had failed to find 

 some of the more convincing evidences of an- 

 tiquity in the plans of the structure, for earth 

 and sand had been heaped up in the palace by 

 order of the Greek ArchaBological Society, to 

 preserve the painted floors and thresholds from 

 injury. They had also committed the error of 

 mistaking the prehistoric walls of the palace 

 for the late Byzantine walls of lime and bricks, 

 whereas, in reality, they consist of quarry -stones 

 loaded with clay mortar. " But in the great 

 conflagration which destroyed the palace the 

 stones were calcined, wherever beams of tim- 

 ber fed the flames, and thus the traveler thinks 

 now he sees lime everywhere, and particularly 

 BO in the glare of the Oriental sun." Assum- 

 ing that an ancient ruin may be older, but that 

 it can not possibly be later, than the latest ob- 

 jects of human industry which we find within 

 it, " let us see," Dr. Schliemann continued, 

 "what we find in the prehistoric palace of 

 Tiryns. We find the walls, both on the out- 

 side and on the inside, wainscoted first with 

 a layer of clay and then with a still thicker 

 layer of lime, which is smoothed and polished, 

 and covered with paintings of the most archaic 

 patterns that have ever been found. We find 

 among them the pattern of the marvelous 

 thalemos- ceiling of Orchomenos. Similar 

 wainscoted . and painted walls I found at My- 

 cenaa. They were also found in ancient Phre- 

 nician buildings in Syria, and you may see 

 them to the present day in the prehistoric city 

 which has been discovered beneath three lay- 

 ers of pumice-stone and volcanic ashes on the 

 island of Thera, which is more than 2,000 

 years older than the beginning of the Byzan- 

 tine Empire, in 395 B. o. With regard to oth- 

 er objects of human industry, whoever takes 

 the trouble to examine the illustrations in 

 our book on Tiryns will see that, generally 

 speaking, they are of the same shape, fabric, 

 and manufacture as those of MycenaB, which 

 all archaeologists unanimously attribute to 1200 

 -1400 B. o., with the exception of the terra- 

 cotta idols, most of which have much more 

 ancient types, with the exception also of the 

 arrow-heads and knives of obsidian, which for 

 rudeness can only be compared to those I found 

 in the prehistoric tumulus at Marathon, errone- 



