ARCHEOLOGY. 



ously called the tomb of the 392 Athenians 

 who fell in the battle of Marathon (490 B. c.), 

 or to those found in the cave-dwellings in the 

 Dordogne in France, which were, inhabited at 

 the time of the mammoth." Dr. Schliemann 

 also insisted that the walls of quarry-stones 

 bonded with clay were similar to walls which 

 were " found by many hundreds in all the five 

 prehistoric cities of Troy, in the treasuries 

 of Mycenffi, in the thalamos of Orchomenos, 

 in Samos, in Cephalonia. in Eleusis, in the 

 Acropolis of Athens, beneath the edifices 

 destroyed by the Persians, and last, not least, 

 in the prehistoric city in Thera." A paper by 

 Dr. Dorpfeldt, which was read, pointed out 

 that all the indications referred to and insisted 

 on by the critics as proving that the remains 

 at Tiryns and Mycenaa were of a later date 

 than that assigned to them by Dr. Schliemann 

 and himself, such as the tools, and particularly 

 the drill which appeared to have been used, 

 and the mortar and other materials for the 

 building of the walls, were equally apparent 

 in the remains at Troy and in Egypt, which 

 were admittedly of as high an antiquity as he 

 claimed for Tiryns and Mycense. 



The Temple of Amphiarans at Oropns. The 

 Archaeological Society of Athens has excavated 

 the site of the Temple of Amphiaraus, one of 

 the seven heroes who marched against Thebes, 

 and was afterward worshiped as a god, at the 

 ancient Oropus. The spot was brought into 

 notice in 1856, by the finding of some squared 

 stones with inscriptions mentioning special 

 games, 'Afxf>iapd'ia, which were held in honor 

 of the god. Systematic excavations were be- 

 gun in 1884. Of the walls of the temple, only 

 the foundations remain. A fragment of a co- 

 lossal piece of sculpture of white marble ap- 

 pears to be a piece of the statue of Amphiaraus 

 mentioned by Pausanias. Near the remains of 

 the great altar were what seemed to have been 

 structures for the accommodation of spectators 

 of the sacrifices. In a hall, the ruins of which 

 were laid bare, were traced lines of marble 

 seats, and a row of three-cornered marble ped- 

 estals for the reception of memorials was ob- 

 served. A sculptured relief representing a 

 ram is supposed to bear reference to the prac- 

 tice, described by Pausanias, of sacrificing a 

 ram to Amphiaraus before seeking in dreams 

 the answer of the oracle. One of the inscrip- 

 tions, much injured, contained an inventory of 

 the plate of the temple. Another contained a 

 rescript of the consuls, M. Terentius Varro 

 Lucullus and C. Cassius Longinus (73 B. o.), 

 communicating to the Oropian* the senatus 

 cowultum regarding the dispute between their 

 city and the representatives of the Roman 

 state. Another inscription contains the rules 

 of the Amphiareum. In it are set down the 

 hours at which the priests were bound to be 

 within the precincts of the temple, the punish- 

 ments for the misdeeds of the Demota3 and of 

 strangers in the temple precincts, the penances 

 of those who consulted the oracle, and the de- 



tails of the ritual of the sacrifices, and of the 

 sleeping in the temple. 



The Great Aqueduct of Samos. Mr. J. Theodore 

 Bent has examined the aqueduct of Samos, 

 which is described by Herodotus, and ascribed 

 by him to Eupalinos the Megarian as its archi- 

 tect, the southern entrance to which was acci- 

 dentally discovered in 1883. After descending 

 nine steps on to the ground which rises direct- 

 ly behind the old town of Samos, the explorer 

 passes through a narrow-built passage, covered 

 at the top by an arch formed by two stones 

 two feet in length, resting one upon the other, 

 for 41 feet 3 inches into a wider passage chis- 

 eled in the rock, with a side-chamber 10 feet 

 in height. This is connected by a door and 

 window with a shorter passage, which appears 

 to be of later construction. A round room is 

 next entered, having recesses, as if for tombs, 

 and then the aqueduct itself. Along the side 

 of the channel for the water runs a ledge for 

 walking, at an average height of six feet from 

 the roof. The channel itself, from the roof to 

 the base, is 33 feet 10 inches deep and 2 feet 7 

 inches wide, while the whole, including the 

 channel and the passage, is 6 feet 11 inches, all 

 cut in the hard rock. The point where the two 

 sets of workmen met is marked by an error of 

 12 feet in the adjustment of the galleries, 

 which has been rectified by making the roof 

 at that spot very lofty ; and then the channel 

 takes a bend almost at right angles, and pro- 

 ceeds toward the northern opening. The 

 northern entrance is similar to the southern, 

 and consists of a series of passages reaching to 

 the principal channel. From the source to the 

 mountain, a distance of about half a mile, the 

 water was conducted in pipes, many of which 

 are still to be seen, one foot eleven inches long, 

 overlapping, and each containing a hole for the 

 escape of water if the pressure should be too 

 great. The aqueduct is pronounced " a re- 

 markable testimony to the enterprise of the 

 ancients and their engineering skill." 



Athenian Mosaics. The remains of a bath in 

 the Palace of Hadrian at Athens display hand- 

 some semicircular pavements in mosaics of 

 beautiful geometrical designs, and colored in 

 black, blue, red, yellow, and white. Patterns 

 of circles intersecting so as to form squares 

 with curved sides, and of non-intersecting cir- 

 cles inclosing designs of stars, leaves, etc., fre- 

 quently recur. Each of the pavements is 

 bounded on the exterior and interior sides by 

 handsome leaf borders. 



Arehaie Inscriptions in Lemnps. Two inscrip- 

 tions observed by MM. Cousin and Durrbach, 

 of the French school at Athens, on a rectangu- 

 lar stone at Kamisina in the island of Lemnos, 

 are in characters of an archaic Greek alphabet, 

 but in an otherwise unknown tongue, which 

 has a general resemblance to Etruscan. They 

 are referred by Dr. C. Pauli, of Leipsic, to the 

 latter part of the seventh century B. o. 



The Necropolis of the Esquiline Hill. A large 

 necropolis was recently discovered on the Es- 



