CAMEROONS. 



CANADA, DOMINION OF. 129 



cultural Society placed the yield of wheat for 

 the year 1884 at 57,420,188 bushels, or 1,722,605 

 short tons, produced from an acreage of 3,587,- 

 864 acres, averaging 16-40 bushels to the acre, 

 against 32,659,870 bushels, or 979,796 short 

 tons, for the cereal year of 1883^'84. 



The crop of the cereal year 1884-'85 has 

 been estimated at 1,250,883 short tons. The 

 acreage of 1886 was about 3,750,000. 



The total shipments of wheat by sea from 

 San Francisco in 1886 were 1,100,000 tons; 

 exports of merchandise, $39,000,000; foreign 

 importations, $41,941,637; treasure shipment, 

 $18,713,618. The barley-crop was 39,000,000 

 bushels, more than three times that of the year 

 before. 



Marble. One of the largest deposits of marble 

 in the world has been discovered in San Ber- 

 nardino County, three miles from the railroad. 

 It covers six hundred acres, and eleven shades 

 of marble are found. It can be laid down in 

 Los Angeles for $1 a cubic foot. 



CAMEROON'S, a German protectorate on the 

 west coast of Africa, extending from the north- 

 ern boundary of the French possessions in 

 Guinea to the newly proclaimed British pro- 

 tectorate of the Niger country. The German 

 possessions in this part of Africa comprised, in 

 the beginning of 1886, the territories of Togo 

 and Bagid, on the Slave Coast, the district of 

 Bimbia, the island of Nikol, and the coast of 

 Biafra Bay, embracing the territory of the va- 

 rious kinglets on the Cameroon river, and the 

 districts of Malinba, Plantation, and Criby. 



About the 1st of April, Capt. Stubenrauch, 

 commanding the imperial gunboat "Cyclop," 

 bombarded and destroyed the village of Money 

 Bimbia, on the southern slope of the Cama- 

 roons, the inhabitants of which were under 

 English influence and had become troublesome. 

 Money, the chief, had murdered an uncle of 

 King Bell. Freiherr von Soden, the governor, 

 proceeded to his town in the " Cyclop," and 

 signaled to him to come on board. The chief 

 sent word that the governor must come to him 

 if he wished to speak with him. He was given 

 till the next day to obey the summons, and at 

 the expiration of the time his residence was 

 shelled and the other buildings burned by a 

 landing party. The governor set up another 

 king in the place of Money, who fled. 



Herr Schwartz, the African traveler, made 

 an excursion into the interior districts of the 

 Cameroons in January. He followed the cara- 

 van route to the Calabar river, and after reach- 

 lag Bakundu at the limit of previous explora- 

 tions, advanced eastward into a region of pri- 

 meval forests, rich in gum-trees and wild coffee, 

 and abounding in elephants, crossed the Kumba 

 river and came to Bason, a picturesque and 

 comparatively well-cultivated country, from 

 which the inhabitants of the coast obtain oil, 

 slaves, and ivory. It is peopled by a tribe 

 called Bafarimi, who are engaged in agriculture 

 and cattle-raising, and have many populous vil- 

 lages. Near the upper Calabar he was stopped 

 VOL. xxvi. 9 A 



by 500 armed natives, and descended to the 

 coast by Mungo river. 



In a note of Lord Rosebery's to the German 

 ambassador in London, dated July 27, 1886, 

 and Count Hatzfeldt's answer of August 2, an 

 arrangement was reached regarding the delimi- 

 tation of the German and British possessions 

 in West Africa, by which the Germans obtain 

 access to the Benue, which their agent Fle- 

 gel strove in vain to secure the year before. 

 The German dominion, which by the agree- 

 ment of May 5, 1885, was bounded by the 

 meridian 9 8' east of Greenwich and reached 

 only to 5 30' north latitude on the coaet, is ex- 

 tended inland to 9 40' east latitude, and north- 

 ward to 8 20' north of the equator. The cov- 

 eted interior of the Cameroons region is thus 

 secured to Germany. According to the agree- 

 ment with France of Dec. 24, 1885, the Congo 

 river as far as 10 east longitude, and a line 

 from that point to parallel 4 of north latitude, 

 mark the limits of the territory of the two na- 

 tions in this region. By the new arrangements, 

 Germany secures for the Cameroons colony a 

 coast-line of about 400 kilometres, and a depth 

 of nearly 400 kilometres from the mouth of 

 the Rio del Rey to the Beuue. 



CANADA, DOMINION OF. Cabinet Changes. 

 The Hon. A. W. McLelan, Minister of Marine 

 and Fisheries, was appointed Minister of Fi- 

 nance in place of Sir Leonard Tilley, who re- 

 signed in 1885, and was succeeded by the 

 Hon. G. E. Foster. 



Finances. The revenue for the fiscal year 

 ending June 30, 1885, was $32,797,001, and the 

 expenditure $35,037,060. The deficit was due 

 principally to the extra expenditure involved 

 in the suppression of the Northwest rebellion. 

 At the close of the year the war expenses 

 amounted to $1,697,851. The only previous 

 annual deficits, since confederation, were from 

 1876 to 1880, inclusive. In 1883 the surplus 

 amounted to $7,064,492. The following are 

 the per capita statistics for the year, estimat- 

 ing the population at 4,695,864: Gross revenue, 

 $16.70; gross expenditure, $16.74; ordinary 

 revenue, $6.98; ordinary expenditure, $7.46; 

 gross debt, $56.37; total assets, $14.54; net 

 debt, $41.83; interest paid, $2.01; interest re- 

 ceived, $0.42 ; net interest paid, $1.59. Of the 

 total revenue, 77.39 per cent, or $25,384,529, 

 was raised by taxation, being $5.40 per head 

 of the population. Of the amount raised by 

 taxation, $18,935,428 was in the form of cus- 

 toms duties, and $6.449,101 excise dutes. The 

 net public debt of the Dominion, June 30, 1885, 

 was $196,407,692, an increase over the pre- 

 vious year of $14,245,842. The gross debt 

 was $264,703,607, an increase of $22,221,191. 

 The interest-bearing assets amounted to $68,- 

 295,915, an increase of fT, 975, 850. There has 

 been a total expenditure to June 30, 1885, on 

 Dominion public works; of $211,542,002. The 

 provincial debts of Canada amount to $20,762,- 

 580, and the interest-bearing assets of the 

 provinces to about $14,863,422, 



