160 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (AUGUSTA, BALTIMOEE, BOSTON.) 



000. A new Government building, to cost 

 $150,000, is in course of construction. The 

 total valuation of property in 1880 was $8,- 

 804,449. The following are statistics, for the 

 same year, of the principal manufactures : 



The whole amount of capital invested in 

 manufactures was $4,423,950; the number of 

 employes, 4,518 ; and the total value of prod- 

 ucts, $7,719,409. 



Angnsta, a city of Georgia, capital of Rich- 

 mond County, at the head of navigation on the 

 Savannah river, 132 miles by rail north-north- 

 west of Savannah. The population has in^ 

 creased rapidly in consequence of the erection 

 of extensive cotton-factories. In 1876 it was 

 15,386; the census of 1885 fixes it at 35,000. 

 The annual cotton-trade amounts to 175,000 

 bales. Among the industrial establishments, 

 besides the cotton-factories, are flour-mills, 

 fertilizer-manufactories, lumber-mills, cotton- 

 seed-oil factories, an ice-factory, and a cotton- 

 compress. Augusta now ranks third in wealth 

 and population among the cities of Georgia. 



Baltimore, the chief city and port of entry of 

 Maryland, on an arm of the Patapsco river, 

 twelve miles from Chesapeake Bay, and 178 

 miles from the Atlantic, 38 miles by rail north- 

 east of Washington, and 185 miles southwest 

 of New York. The population, 267,354 in 

 1870, had increased to 332,313 in 1880, and 

 412,000 in 1886. There are now sixteen pub- 

 lic squares in the city, and the parks, Patterson 

 and Druid Hill, contain, respectively, 112 and 

 93 acres. The churches, of which there were 

 220 ten years ago, now number 300. Water 

 is supplied by two systems, the Jones's Falls 

 and the Gunpowder river, which furnish 

 about 165,000,000 gallons daily. The Gun- 

 powder system is of more recent construction 

 than the Jones's Falls system, having been be- 

 gun in 1875 and finished in 1880. It includes 

 Loch Raven, Lake Montebello, and Lake Clif- 

 ton. Loch Raven and Lake Montebello are 

 connected by a tunnel, nearly seven miles long, 

 having an internal bore of twelve feet and a 

 fall of one foot to the mile, and running 4 

 miles through solid rock. Its cost was $1 ,779,- 

 610.24. Lake Montebello is the receiving res- 

 ervoir of the Gunpowder supply. The water 

 passes from it through a twelve-foot conduit 

 5,410 feet long, to Lake Clifton, a storage res- 

 ervoir just beyond the city limits. Six dis- 

 tributing mains, each forty inches in diameter, 

 bring the water into the city. The cost of the 

 system was about $4,500,000. The total stor- 

 age capacity of the two systems is 2,305,000,- 

 000 gallons, and the total cost was about $10,- 

 000,000. Baltimore has fourteen lines of 

 street-cars, ample railroad facilities, and nine 



lines of steamers to European ports, while 

 there were but two lines ten years ago. In 

 1875 the value of imports was about $27,788,- 

 992, and of exports about $27,616,822 ; in 1885 

 the value of imports amounted to $11,853,317, 

 and of exports to $45,041,634. In 1884, 38,- 

 507 immigrants arrived, and 15,927 in 1885. 

 The depth of the channel has been increased 

 from 17 feet at mean low water to 27 feet, 

 with an average rise of tide of about 18 inches. 

 The number of public schools has risen within 

 the last ten years from 110 to 122, with 880 

 teachers and 38,036 pupils, and costing from 

 $650,000 to $675,000 a year. Two medical 

 schools have been established, making five in 

 all, and one dental college, of which the city 

 now has three. The Pratt Free Library has 

 about 40,000 volumes, and the number is con- 

 stantly increasing. 



Boston, the capital of the Commonwealth of 

 Massachusetts and of Suffolk County, and the 

 chief city of New England, in latitude 42 21' 

 north, longitude 71 4' west, at the western ex- 

 tremity of Massachusetts Bay, 213 miles by rail 

 northeast of New York. The population in 

 1870 was 250,526; in 1880, 362,839; and in 1885, 

 390,393. The immigrants for the year ending 

 June 30, 1886, numbered 23,950. The assessed 

 value of property in 1875 was $793,961,895 ; 

 in 1886 it was $710,581,700. The total debt 

 on April 30, 1876, was $43,933,165; in 1886 

 it was $43,803,322. 



The following table shows the increase in 

 trade during the same period : 



It should be noted that there is a large num- 

 ber of vessels in the coastwise trade that are not 

 required to report at the custom-house. The 

 number of entrances of steamships in 1885 was 

 522, with tonnage of 749,924. clearances 438, 

 with tonnage of 622,736. The average weekly 

 sales of wool, reported at about 1,000,000 pounds 

 in 1875, now range from 4,000,000 to 7,000,- 

 000 pounds. The annual sales of merchandise 

 have increased in the same time from $1,200,- 

 000,000 to $1,500,000,000. The industries show- 

 ing the largest advance in the value of products 

 from 1875 till 1880 are, leather, from $1,884,- 

 745 to $3,381,156 ; metallic goods, from $2,398,- 

 588 to $7,324,458; clothing, from $16,738,244 

 to $19,833,959; machinery, from $4,223,996 

 to $5,950,628. The number of national banks 

 has risen from 53 to 59 ; the number of sav- 

 ings-banks has fallen from 20 to 15, but the 

 deposits in them have increased from $70,000,- 

 000 to $86,011,644. Brighton, the great cattle- 



