CITIES, AMERICAN. (BINGHAMTON, BRIDGEPOET, BEOOTON.) 



161 



mart of New England, has slaughtering and 

 packing establishments with a capacity of 500,- 

 000 hogs annually, which furnish a large part 

 of the foreign exports of the city. There are 

 also extensive manufactories of oleomargarine 

 in the same section. The original area of Bos- 

 ton proper, or Old Boston, has been increased 

 from 690 acres to 1,829 by reclaiming flats and 

 widening the Neck. By annexation of sub- 

 urbs, the city has been further increased, till 

 it now numbers, exclusive of islands, 22,921 

 acres. The public park system, established in 

 1875, consists of a chain of parks, 1,042 acres 

 in all, extending from the Charles River Em- 

 bankment, an esplanade of 10 acres, west of 

 the Public Garden, to Franklin Park, 518 acres, 

 in West Roxbury, and including Bussey Park 

 and Arnold Arboretum, 167 acres, Back Bay, 

 106 acres, and Riverdale, 110 acres. There 

 are also included in this system Marion Park, 

 at, City Point, South Boston, 50 acres, with a 

 pier mile in length, and New Island Park in 

 East Boston, 81 acres. A new court-house was 

 begun in 1885 on Pemberton Square. The Army 

 and Navy Monument, 70 feet in height, with 

 statues and bas-reliefs, standing on the Com- 

 mon, designed by Martin Milmore, was erected 

 in 1877. The church organizations have in- 

 creased to 220. The new Trinity Church, on 

 Copley Square, is one of the finest church-build- 

 ings in the country. It is in the Romanesque 

 style, in the shape of a Latin cross ; the extreme 

 length is 160 feet, width, 121 feet ; the great cen- 

 tral tower is 211 feet high. The cost was $750,- 

 000. The New Old South Church was built in 

 1875, at a cost of $500,000. It is in the North- 

 Italian Gothic style, and has a tower 248 feet 

 in height. 



The average number of pupils in the public 

 schools was 49,317 in 1875-76, and 60,823 in 

 1885-'86 ; the total expenditure for them was 

 $2,015,381 in 1875-76, and $2,036,469 ten 

 years later; $362,796 was expended for new 

 school-houses in 1885-'86. A Latin School 

 for Girls was established in 1878. There are 

 about 100 private schools with an attendance 

 of about 7,250. The Public Library, which con- 

 tained about 300,000 volumes ten years ago, 

 now has over 460,000 and 115,000 unbound 

 pamphlets, besides manuscripts, engravings, 

 and periodicals in the reading-room. The new 

 Library Building, on Dartmouth and Boylston 

 Streets, was begun in 1886. The number of vol- 

 umes in the Boston Athenaeum has increased 

 from about 100,000 to over 150,000. New 

 theatres are the Park, 1879, and the Eollis 

 Street, 1885. The last-named occupies the 

 site of the historic Hollis Street Church, dat- 

 ing from 1752. 



Biogliamton, a city, capital of Broome Coun- 

 ty, N. Y., at the junction of the Chenango 

 and Susquehanna rivers, 142 miles by rail west- 

 southwest of Albany ; latitude 42 7' north, lon- 

 gitude 75 56' west. The population was 12,- 

 692 in 1870, 17,317 in 1880, and 22,040 in 

 1886. It is on the main lines of the Erie, 

 VOL. xxvi. 11 A 



Delaware and Lackawanna, and Syracuse, 

 Binghamton and New York Railways, and is 

 the terminus of the Utica and Chenango Val- 

 ley and the Albany and Susquehanna. The 

 Chenango Canal is now abandoned. Water- 

 power for manufacturing purposes is obtained 

 from both the Susquehanna and Chenango 

 rivers. Among other manufactures, that of 

 cigars has grown rapidly, so that the city now 

 ranks among the leading cities of the country 

 in this industry. During the year ending June 

 30, 1886, 79,330,976 cigars were manufactured 

 there. Four street-railways are in operation ; 

 there are 9 public schools, 18 churches, 7 banks 

 and 3 daily newspapers. A new State Armory 

 has been erected and the building formerly in 

 use as the State Inebriate Asylum has been en- 

 larged and made a State Asylum for the Chronic 

 Insane. 



Bridgeport, a city, and one of the capitals of 

 Fairfield County, Conn., on Long Island Sound, 

 at the mouth of Pequonnock river, 59 miles 

 by rail northeast of New York ; latitude 41 10' 

 north, longitude 73 11' west. The population, 

 18,969 in 1870 and 27,643 in 1880, has increased 

 by annexation and otherwise to 40,000 or more. 

 There are five national and four savings banks, 

 with a united capital of $5,500,000. There are 

 28 churches, a hospital, an orphan asylum, and 

 a system of associated charities ; also a free pub- 

 lic library and reading-room, with about 12,000 

 volumes. The public-school system includes a 

 high-school ; and there are three public parks, 

 the finest of which is Seaside Park. The total 

 valuation of property was $11,720,503 in 1880. 

 The most important manufacturing industries 

 in 1880 were : 



The whole amount of capital invested in 

 manufacturing was, $9,751,785; the number 

 of hands employed, 7,508 ; and the value of 

 products, $10,458,212. 



Brockton, a city of Plymouth County, Mass., 

 twenty miles south of Boston, on the main line of 

 the Old Colony Railway ; latitude 42 8' north, 

 longitude 72 1' west. It was originally known 

 as a part of Duxbury plantation or Satucket, 

 afterward as a part of Bridgewater and as 

 North Bridgewater. The name was changed 

 to Brockton in 1874. It was made a city in 

 1882. The population in 1870 was 8,007; in 

 1880, 13,608; in 1886, 22,000. The principal 

 industry is the manufacture of boots and shoes, 

 especially men's shoes. There are about 90 

 manufactories, with 5,000 employes, whose an- 

 nual wages amount to $2,500,000. The value 

 of the manufactures amounts to $10,000,000. 

 Other industries are the manufacture of ma- 

 chinery, boxes, sewing-machine needles, furni- 



