162 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (BKOOKLYN, BUFFALO.) 



ture, lasts, dies, and shoe machinery and tools. 

 Brockton has 3,330 dwellings, 15 business 

 blocks of brick, a public library of 11,000 vol- 

 umes, 15 churches, 3 banks, 3 newspapers, two 

 of which are dailies, and a street railroad with 

 nine miles of rails. In the town are valuable 

 deposits of fine granite, which as yet have been 

 only partially worked. The total valuation of 

 property in 1880 was $5,977,488. 



Brooklyn, a city and the capital of Kings 

 County, N. Y., on the west end of Long Isl- 

 and, opposite New York city, from which it is 

 separated by East river; latitude 40 41' north, 

 longitude 73 59' west. The population was 

 396,099 in 1870, of whom 144,718 were for- 

 eigners; and in 1880, 566,663, of whom 177,- 

 694 were foreigners. Very recently the city 

 limits have been extended to take in the town 

 of New Lots, thus largely increasing the area 

 and population, which latter is now estimated 

 at 725,000. In connection with Prospect Park 

 has been laid out and completed a number of 

 boulevards 200 feet wide leading to it from 

 various directions. The Concourse at Coney 

 Island, covering an area of 70 acres and having 

 a beach-front of 750 feet, is under the control 

 of the Brooklyn Park Committee. The city 

 and the county are jointly interested in it. 

 The most important public work of recent 

 years is the East River Bridge, which was for- 

 mally opened May 24, 1883. (See EAST RIVER 

 BRIDGE, under ENGINEERING, in the "Annual 

 Cyclopaedia " for 1883.) An elevated railroad 

 runs from Fulton Ferry to the end of the 

 bridge, and from that point to East New 

 York. A steam-dummy road runs on Third 

 Avenue from Greenwood to Fort Hamilton. 

 Four steam-railroads and one horse-car line 

 run from within the city limits to Coney Isl- 

 and. The total length of horse- railroads is 151 

 miles (1880). The number of churches has in- 

 creased from about 260 to 306, and the 48 pub- 

 lic schools to 66. Seven daily and 14 weekly 

 newspapers are published in the city, as well 

 as 11 monthly and 2 semi-monthly periodicals. 

 The Brooklyn Library, formerly the Mercan- 

 tile, now numbers 90,000 volumes. The Young 

 Men's Christian Association also has a fine li- 

 brary. Two new theatres have been built 

 within the last ten years. The extensive Erie 

 and Brooklyn Basins, on Gowanus Bay, are 

 completed. The value of merchandise (chiefly 

 molasses, sugar, grain, coffee, oil, hides, and 

 wool) annually stored between Red Hook Point 

 on the south and Main Street on the north is 

 estimated at $300,000,000. There are 12 na- 

 tional and State banks and 13 savings-banks. 

 On January 1, 1886, the latter had deposits 

 amounting to $79,278,297 ; the number of de- 

 positors was 214,483. The water-supply has 

 been added to by wells driven between Hemp- 

 stead and Jamaica, and the number of pumps 

 is constantly increased. The total valuation of 

 property in 1880 was $232,925,699. Although 

 many of its inhabitants find employment in 

 New York, Brooklyn ranked in 1880 as the 



fourth city of the country in manufactures, 

 while in population it was the third. The 

 following table presents statistics of some of 

 the principal industries : 



The whole amount of capital in manufactur- 

 ing was $61,646,749; the number of employes, 

 47,587; and the total value of food-products, 

 $177,223,142. 



Buffalo, a city, port of entry, and the capital 

 of Erie County, N. Y., at the eastern extremity 

 of Lake Erie, at the head of Niagara river, and 

 at the mouth of Buffalo creek; 422 miles by 

 rail west of New York city; latitude 42 53' 

 north, longitude 78 52' west. The population 

 in 1870 was 117,714, of whom 46,237 were 

 foreigners; in 1880, 155,134, of whom 51,268 

 were foreigners. Very many of the streets are 

 paved with asphalt, and there are four public 

 parks connected by eighteen miles of boule- 

 vard. Nineteen railroads enter the city, and 

 the railroad-yard facilities are unequaled. Four 

 steamboat lines afford regular communication 

 between this port and other ports on Lakes 

 Erie, Huron, Superior, and Michigan, using 56 

 first-class steamers, with capacity ranging from 

 1,750 to 2,800 tons. The number of pupils in 

 the public schools was 15,875 in 1876, and in 

 1886, 28,372. The number of volumes in the 

 Grosvenor Free Reference Library has in- 

 creased in the same time from 20,000 to 32,000 

 volumes, and the Circulating Library of the 

 Young Men's Association from 30,000 to over 

 53,000. The Historical Society has over 7,000 

 volumes, and there are in all 14 public libraries 

 and reading-rooms. The 95 churches have in- 

 creased to 120. The value of imports from 

 Canada for the year 1874-'75 was $2,499,004, 

 and of exports to Canada $766,945. For the 

 year 1885-'86 the imports from Canada amount- 

 ed to $5,901,772, and the exports to $349,360. 

 The receipts of grain and flour were nearly 

 74,250,000 bushels in 1875, and 90,000,000 in 

 1886. The total valuation of property in 1880 



