CITIES, AMERICAN. (CAMBRIDGE, CAMDEN, CHARLESTON, CHELSEA, CHICAGO.) 163 



was $83,910,583. Following are statistics of 

 the principal manufactures in that year : 



The whole amount of capital invested in 

 manufacturing was $26,847,937, the number 

 of employes 18,021, and the value of products 

 $42,937,701. 



Cambridge, a city, and one of the shire towns 

 of Middlesex County, Mass., latitude 42 23' 

 north, longitude 71 7' west, directly adjacent 

 to the city of Boston on the west, and separated 

 from it by the Charles river, which is spanned 

 by six bridges, with a seventh proposed, to 

 cost $425,000. Founded in 1631, and originally 

 called Newe Towne, Cambridge became a city 

 in 1846, with a population of something less 

 than 15,000; in 1870 it had 39,634; in 1880, 

 52,669; and in 1885, 59,660. The city has 82 

 miles of streets; the sewerage has been much 

 improved in recent years. There are 33 public 

 schools, six banks, and four weekly newspapers. 

 The streets are lighted with gas and electricity, 

 and a horse-railway uses 40 miles of track. 

 Prominent among the business establishments 

 are the Riverside and University presses, and 

 a noted telescope -manufactory. The total 

 valuation of property in 1880 was $49,235,098. 

 The principal manufactures were as follow : 



The whole amount invested in manufacturing 

 was $6,480,799, the number of employes 7,543, 

 and the total value of products $26,605,688. 



Camden, a city, and the capital of Camden 

 County, N. J., in latitude 39 57' north, longi- 

 tude 75 7' west, on a plain on the Delaware 

 river, opposite Philadelphia, with which it is 

 connected by ferries. The population in 1870 

 was 20,045 ; in 1880, 41,656. It is a terminal 

 point of four railroads. It has a fine new court- 

 house, three national banks, and two hospitals. 

 The total valuation of property in 1880 was 

 $11,566,085. The principal manufacturing in- 

 dustries were: 



The whole amount of capital invested in 

 manufacturing was $5,032,835, the number of 

 employes 4,370, and the total value of products 

 $7,644,705. 



Charleston, the chief port and largest city of 

 South Carolina, capital of Charleston County, 

 on the peninsula at the confluence of the Ashley 

 and Cooper rivers, 100 miles south-southeast 

 of Columbia and 82 miles northeast of Savan- 

 nah ; latitude 32 45' north, longitude 79 57' 

 west. The population was 56,540 in 1875 : in 

 1880, 49,984; and about 60,000 in 1886. the 

 ship-channel over the bar formerly had 16 

 feet of water at ebb ; but this depth has been 

 materially increased by the construction of 

 jetties, springing respectively from Sullivan's 

 Island and Morris Island. When they are 

 completed it is believed that a channel will 

 be formed showing a depth of 26 feet. The 

 city suffered greatly from the effects of a 

 cyclone in 1885 ; and in August, 1886, it was 

 visited by a severe earthquake. About 40 

 persons were killed by the falling buildings, 

 and the loss of property within the corporate 

 limits is estimated at $5,000,000. The value of 

 imports and exports has materially increased 

 in recent years. 



Chelsea, a city of Suffolk County, Mass., lati- 

 tude 42 25' N., longitude 71 W. It is separated 

 from Charlestown on the southwest by the 

 Mystic river, there crossed by a long bridge, 

 from East Boston by Chelsea creek, and con- 

 nected with Boston proper by the Eastern 

 Division of the Boston and Maine Railroad. 

 Two lines of horse-cars enter the city. Origi- 

 nally a part of Boston, it was set off in 1739, 

 and became a city in 1857. The population 

 was 18,547 in 1870, 21,782 in 1880, and 25,709 

 in 1885. The largest industries in 1880 were 

 the manufacture of foundry and machine-shop 

 products, with $516,000 capital and $464,000 

 worth of products; curried leather, $53,300 

 capital, $793,263 worth of products; cotton 

 goods, $405, 000 capital, $511,340 worth of prod- 

 ucts; tobacco, cigars, and cigarettes, $34,950 

 capital, $110,284 value of products. The entire 

 amount of capital invested in manufacturing 

 was $1,822,250, the number of employes 1,647, 

 and the total value of products $3,846,250. 



Chicago, the principal city of Illinois, capital 

 of Cook County, the commercial metropolis of 

 the Northwestern States, on the west shore of 

 Lake Michigan, 18 miles north of its extreme 

 southern point ; latitude 41 50' north, longi- 

 tude 10 33' west 'from Washington. The popu- 

 lation in 1870 was 298,977, including 144,557 

 foreigners; in 1880 it was 503,185, including 

 204,859 foreigners ; estimated by the school 



