164 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (CINCINNATI.) 



census in 1886, it was 703,461. In 1876 there 

 were four trunk lines, furnishing communica- 

 tion with the East, and six with the West ; two 

 running southward to the Gulf of Mexico and 

 the Southwestern States, and two northward to 

 the Lake Superior region. In 1886 there were 

 eight lines to the East, five to the West, six to the 

 Southeast, South, and Southwest. Three of the 

 great railway systems reaching West from Chi- 

 cago embrace from 4,000 to 5,000 miles of line 

 each, and the aggregate mileage of the roads 

 having termini at Chicago, including nothing 

 east of Pittsburg, is nearly 30,000 miles, or one 

 fourth of the railway mileage of the country. 

 The harbor has recently been further improved 

 by the construction of a new breakwater, built 

 by the Government at a cost of over $1,000,000. 

 The 24 miles of improved water-frontage on 

 the river and its branches have been increased 

 to 30 miles. The facilities for street-travel are 

 improved by the addition of cable-cars trav- 

 ersing the North and South Divisions of the 

 city. In 1876 there were sixteen national banks, 

 with resources to the amount of $41,364,479, 

 capital stock and surplus $12,027,500, and de- 

 posits $25,687, 802. Other commercial banks 

 had an aggregate capital of about $5,000,000, 

 and deposits probably exceeding $7,000,000. 

 There are now fourteen national banks, with 

 resources to the amount of $96,000,000, capi- 

 tal stock and surplus $15,000,000, and deposits 

 $67,000,000. Other commercial banks have 

 an aggregate capital of about $10,000,000, and 

 deposits probably exceeding $15,000,000. The 

 public schools have increased in number in ten 

 years from 41 to 60, occupying 82 buildings ; 

 the number of teachers from 700 to 1,195 ; the 

 number of pupils enrolled from 49,121 to 76,- 

 044, and the total expenditure from $827,503 

 to $1,537,172, $924,229 of which is for teach- 

 ers' wages. There are now three high-schools, 

 and also night-schools for those who can not 

 attend by day. The number of newspapers 

 and periodicals published in the city has risen 

 from about 120 to about 400, ten of which are 

 dailies. Ten years ago there were about 250 

 churches; there are now about 350. The 

 County Hospital affords room for 800 patients. 

 The city and county have built a court-house 

 and city-hall of granite and marble, two con- 

 nected buildings of the same design, at a cost 

 of $3,000,000 each. A Board of Trade Hall, 

 begun in 1880, was finished in 1885, at a cost 

 of $1,700,000. In the neighborhood of this hall 

 twenty great office-buildings were built be- 

 tween 1880 and 1886, averaging eight stories 

 in height, and costing from $300,000 to $1,- 

 250,000 each. In 1875 the valuation of prop- 

 erty for the purpose of taxation was $293,- 

 188,950, the tax levied thereon $5,123,905, and 

 the bonded debt of the city $13,456,000. In 

 1885 the valuation of property was $139,958,- 

 288, the tax $5,152,515, and the debt $12,695,- 

 500. The value of duty-paying goods imported 

 in 1875 was $3,844,? 84, in 1885 it was $8,624,- 

 117. In 1875 there were 17 elevator ware- 



houses, with an aggregate capacity of 15,250,000 

 bushels; there are now 29, with a capacity of 

 27,025,000 bushels. The number of pork-pack- 

 ing firms has increased from 32 to 40. In the 

 year ending March 1, 1886, they packed 4,928,- 

 730 hogs about 50 per cent, of the pork- 

 packing in the entire Mississippi valley. The 

 value of the live-stock receipts in 1875 was 

 estimated at $117,533,941, and in 1885 at 

 $173,598,002. Live-stock arrivals averaged, 

 during the last named year, 600 car-loads a 

 day. The Union Stock-Yards cover 350 acres, 

 275 of which are roofed. In the winter, 25,000 

 men are employed at the stock-yards in receiv- 

 ing, preparing, packing, and shipping. A sin- 

 gle firm uses 23 acres of floor-space. The 

 fresh-beef trade has grown rapidly in the last 

 four years. The number of cattle slaughtered 

 for the refrigerator-car trade in 1885 was 

 1,334,775. The entire annual value of manu- 

 factured products has risen from $150,000,000 

 to $370,000,000. The following table shows 

 the advance in the quantity of the receipts of 

 some leading articles of trade : 



Cincinnati, the chief city of Ohio, capital of 

 Hamilton County, on the north btnk of the 

 Ohio river, 466 miles below its head at Pitts- 

 burg, 500 miles above its mouth, and 390 

 miles (direct) west of Washington; latitude 

 39 6' north, longitude 84 27' west. The pop- 

 ulation in 1870 was 216,239, of whom 79,612 

 were foreigners; in 1880 it was 255,139, of 

 whom 71,659 were foreigners. The public 

 schools had 28,999 pupils in 1875, and in 1885, 

 36,301 besides an average attendance in night- 

 schools of 2,009. There are also more than 

 100 Roman Catholic parochial schools. There 

 are at present 8 medical colleges, a law-school 

 is maintained by Cincinnati College, and an 

 art-school amply endowed is connected with 

 the Cincinnati Museum. A college of music 

 with a fine endowment has also been established, 

 and has a fine building. The Public Library 

 has grown in ten years from 62,000 to 148,000 

 volumes, and that of the Young Men's Mercan- 

 tile Library Association from 35,500 to 50,000. 

 The number of daily papers has increased from 

 8 to 14, and of weekly from 37 to 65 ; and 

 there are 190 churches to the 160 of ten years 

 ago. A third railroad-pier bridge across the 





