168 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (DUBUQUE, DULUTH.) 



ured, and there are also saw-mills, flour-mills, 

 breweries, distilleries, malt-houses, brick-yards, 

 tanneries, copper-smelting works, and other 

 important industries. 



Dnbnqne, a city and port of delivery, capital 

 of Dubuque County, Iowa, on the Mississippi 

 river, opposite the boundary-line between Illi- 

 nois and Wisconsin, 440 miles by river above 

 St. Louis, and 185 miles by rail west-north- 

 west of Chicago. The population in 1880 was 

 22,254; in 1885, 26,330. An inclined-plane 

 cable-railway has been built to one of the 

 bluffs, on which some of the finest dwellings 

 are situated. A new bridge is now in process 

 of construction, to be 76 feet above low-water 

 mark and 2,000 feet long, and to cost $125,000. 

 Public schools, including a high-school, are 

 maintained at an annual cost of $55,000. Wa- 

 ter is supplied by water- works and artesian 

 wells. The railroad and lumber companies 

 recently expended several hundred thousand 

 dollars for reclaiming low lands and sloughs. 

 Communication is furnished by five railroads, 

 two of them lately built. The Chicago, 

 Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railway has shops at 

 Dubuque. The mining industry, once so im- 

 portant, has declined, the value of the lead- 

 ore for 1885 having been but $16,000, and of 

 the zinc-ore $12,000. Formerly from $500,- 

 000 to $1,000,000 worth of lead was shipped 

 annually. The grain-trade is large, and a 

 great part of the wealth of the city has of late 

 years been invested in manufactures. Steel 

 steamers are made at the Iowa Iron-Works. 

 The value of manufactures in 1885 amounted 

 to $10,737,300; the business of the jobbing 

 trade to $16,196,500; the retail sales to $9,- 

 729,500 ; and the value of other activities to 

 $6,962,758. 



Dnlntli, a port of entry, the capital of St. 

 Louis County, Minn., at the southwestern ex- 

 tremity of Lake Superior, and at the mouth 

 of St. Louis river, 155 miles by rail north- 

 northeast of St. Paul. It was founded in 1856, 

 but had in 1875 a population of only 2,953 ; 

 in 1886 the population was estimated at 26,469. 

 In 1856 a steam saw-mill and a blacksmith-shop 

 were built; in 1858 the United States Land - 

 Office was located there; in 1872 the customs 

 district was organized. The financial crisis 

 of 1873 retarded the growth of the place, but 

 in 1878, through the development of the lum- 

 ber interests and its inauguration as a distribut- 

 ing point, its prosperity was renewed. As a 

 result of the panic the city became insolvent 

 and took the form of a village. The place has 

 a fine natural harbor, with an average width 

 of H mile, formed by two points of land 7 

 miles long, extending into the lake Minnesota 

 Point and Rice's Point. Besides the natural 

 entrance, the "Entry," a canal has been cut 

 through at an expense of $200,000. The Gov- 

 ernment protects navigation by two light- 

 houses and a fog-horn, and the Forty-ninth 

 Congress appropriated $56,250 for the im- 

 provement and enlargement of the basin in 



the harbor between Minnesota and Rice's 

 Points. Authority has also been granted for 

 a life-saving station. Superior City, Wis., lies 

 along the border 4 miles northward, bounded 

 on the Minnesota side by Rice's Point. Be- 

 tween the two points is the flat on which the 

 docks are built, laid out in blocks with railroad- 

 tracks between. In the rear are elevators for 

 coal and wheat. In 1885, nine lake transporta- 

 tion companies were represented, with 3,501 en- 

 trances and 1,200,000 tonnage. Fully 50 per 

 cent, may be added for 1886. Improvements 

 made on the slips during 1886 by railroad com- 

 panies, other corporations and individuals, 

 amount to $1,500,000. More than 41,000 piles 

 have been driven. The docks built and im- 

 proved have cost, including the dredging, 

 $2,200,000. Ten passenger steamers ply be- 

 tween this port and Buffalo, four running to 

 Chicago, three to Sarnia, and three to Colling- 

 wood, carrying from 100 to 250 cabin passen- 

 gers each. The run from Duluth to Buffalo 

 is made in five days. A cold-storage ware- 

 house stores more than 500 dressed cattle, not 

 including sheep and hogs, and the slaughter- 

 houses have a capacity of 100 cattle per day; 

 4,000 cattle were handled during the season of 

 1886. The value of exports during the months 

 of May and June, 1886, was $649,800, and of 

 imports, $47, 306. More than 2,500,000 tons 

 of iron-ore were shipped from Lake Superior 

 mines in the season of 1886, the gross gain 

 over the shipments of 1885 being 1,000,000. 

 Shipments of flour, sheep, wool, hides, copper 

 and silver ore, and bullion reached 43,000 tons 

 in one week. Salmon packed near Victoria on 

 Vancouver Island is brought here by rail and 

 shipped by propeller to Toronto. Following 

 shows receipts and shipments of some articles : 



The amount of flour handled in 1886 was 

 more than three times the amount of the pre- 

 vious year. The wheat shipped during May, 

 1886, was 2,903,697 bushels against 1,562,000 

 in May, 1885. The freight bills for wheat 

 arriving in one day over one line of railroad 

 aggregate $25,000. There are eleven elevators 

 and warehouses, and contracts have been 

 drawn for five more. In 1885-'86 the railroad 

 companies expended over $3,500,000 in im- 

 provements, and other improvements raised 

 the sum to nearly $6,000,000. Four railroads 

 now enter Duluth. and two others are in pro- 

 cess of construction. There are nine lumber- 

 mills having a capacity of 170,000,000 feet. 

 There are vast forests of pine and black or 

 yellow birch and basswood in the country 

 tributary to Duluth. The mills and lumber- 



