CITIES, AMERICAN. (ELIZABETH, ELMIEA, FALL RIVER, GALVESTON.) 



169 



yards occupy half a mile square at the west 

 end. The fishing interests employ 175 men, 

 1 steamer, 6 tugs, and 50 sail-boats. The catch 

 averages 12 to 16 tons a week. The following 

 are the figures for 1885 : White-fish, 506,826 

 pounds; trout, 1,258,452 pounds; other fish, 

 125,000 pounds; total, 1,890,278 pounds; 

 value, $121,136.50. 



The Forty-ninth Congress appropriated $10,- 

 000 for a fish-hatchery. In the spring of 

 1886, 15,000,000 lake-trout from the hatcheries 

 of St. Paul were planted in the fishing waters 

 along the north shore to Pigeon river and 

 along the south shore to Apostle Islands. The 

 principal manufactures are iron products, 

 lumber, wood-work, brick, soap, brooms, and 

 there are some minor industries. One lime- 

 kiln company has three kilns, making 250 

 barrels of lime daily. An iron company con- 

 trolling 1,000 laborers in the mines has head- 

 quarters here. The bank transactions in 1885 

 amounted to $288,267,857, an increase of 

 $132,000,000 over the previous year. There 

 are four banks, two of them national, with 

 capital of $712,000 and deposits $1,200,000. 

 The postal revenue for the last year was $26,- 

 000. Quarries of granite, slate, trap, and sand- 

 stone are worked in the vicinity, and mines 

 of amethyst yield stones of great size and 

 brilliancy. There are sixteen churches, seven 

 public schools, a fine opera house and a 

 court-house, a fire department, electric lights, 

 water-works, and a street-railway. The Board 

 of Trade has a fine building. Five hundred 

 buildings were erected during the first half of 

 1886. There are four daily and three weekly 

 newspapers, a semi-weekly and a monthly 

 publication. 



Elizabeth, a city and the capital of Union 

 County, N. J., on Newark Bay and Staten 

 Island Sound, 11 miles by rail west-southwest 

 of New York. Latitude, 40 40' north ; longi- 

 tude, 74 13' west. The population in 1870 

 was 20,832; in 1875, 25,923; in 1880, 28,229; 

 in 1886 it was estimated at upward of 30,000. 

 More than eighty passenger- trains are run to 

 New York daily. The total valuation of prop- 

 erty in 1880 was $11,540,835. A large busi- 

 ness in coal-shipping is done at the port. The 

 most prominent business enterprise is that of 

 the Singer Sewing-Machine Company, in which 

 an average of about 1,500 hands are employed. 

 Capital to the amount of $105,000 was em- 

 ployed in 1880 in the manufacture of other 

 foundry and machine-shop products, the total 

 value of which was $248,000. The entire 

 amount of capital invested at that time in 

 manufactures was $2,453,180; the number 

 of employes, 3,849 ; and the value of products, 

 $6,828,027. 



Elmira, a city and the capital of Chemung 

 County, N. Y., on both sides of the Chemung 

 river, 273 miles west-northwest of New York. 

 Latitude, 42 5' north ; longitude, 76 50' west. 

 The population was 15,863 in 1870 ; 20,541 in 

 1880; 21,814 in 1886; including, however, the 



territory not included within the corporate 

 limits but covered by the mail delivery, it has 

 about 25,000. Six railroads touch the city, 

 and there are three large car-shops located 

 there. New manufacturing enterprises of im- 

 portance are the La France Steam-Fire En- 

 gine and the Hay's Truck and Ladder estab- 

 lishments, and the Payne Manufactory of 

 Boilers, Steam-Engines, etc. The value of 

 boots and shoes produced in 1880 was $760,- 

 425 ; of tanned leather, $540,600 ; of planed 

 lumber, $207,900; and of men's clothing. 

 $260,250. The entire amount of capital in- 

 vested in manufactures was $2,698,762 ; the 

 number of hands employed, 2,728; and the 

 value of products, $4,877,300. 



Fall River, a city and port of entry of Bristol 

 County, Mass., on Mount Hope Bay, an arm of 

 Narragansett Bay, at the mouth of Taunton 

 river, 49 miles by rail south by west of Boston ; 

 latitude 41 43' north, longitude 71 9' west. 

 The population in 1870 was 26,766; in 1880, 

 48,961; in 1886, 59,021. Three railroads touch 

 the city, and horse-car tracks are laid in the 

 principal streets. A new custom-house and 

 post-office building has recently been erected, 

 and a fine high-school building is approaching 

 completion. The coastwise trade of the city 

 is considerable. In 1880, 20 vessels in foreign 

 trade were entered and 17 cleared ; 732 in 

 coastwise trade, with tonnage of 1,183,743, 

 were entered and 683 cleared; vessels enrolled 

 in the district, 124. Steam has been largely 

 substituted for water-power in the mills, which 

 now run 1,770,764 spindles and 41,506 looms. 

 The amount of capital employed in cotton- 

 manufacture in 1880 was $22,707,043, and the 

 value of the product $14,510,007. The whole 

 amount of capital invested in manufacturing 

 at that time was $25,076,518, the number of 

 employes 17.085, and the value of products 

 $18,913,584. ' 



Galveston, a city and port of entry, capital of 

 Galveston County, Texas, the chief city of the 

 State in population and commerce, on the north- 

 eastern extremity of Galveston Island, at the 

 mouth of Galveston Bay, 214 miles by rail east- 

 southeast of Austin ; latitude 29 19' north, 

 longitude 94 46' west. The population in 1870 

 was 13,818 ; in 1880, 22,248 ; in 1886 it is esti- 

 mated at 42,000. It has nine public schools 

 with 80 teachers, 4,000 pupils, and $215,500 

 worth of school property. The value of tax- 

 able property in the city'is $22,000,000. Gal- 

 veston is entered by the Gulf, Colorado, and 

 Santa Fe, ana the Galveston, Houston, and 

 Henderson Railroads, and has a street-railroad 

 service. There are two lines of steamships 

 plying between it and New York city. In 

 1885, 215 transient steam-vessels and 211 sail- 

 vessels, with tonnage of 356,596, were em- 

 ployed in trade to European and North and 

 South American ports, while the home fleet 

 consisted of 146 sail, 32 steam, and 5 un- 

 rigged vessels, with tonnage of 7,148. Ten years 

 ago there were two national banks ; there are 



