172 CITIES, AMEKICAN. (LAWRENCE, LEAVENWORTH, Los ANGELES, LOUISVILLE.) 



Lawrence, a city, capital of Douglas County, 

 Kansas, on both banks of the Kansas river, 40 

 miles above its mouth, 25 miles east by south 

 of Topeka, and 28 miles southwest of Leaven- 

 worth. It was settled in 1854. The popula- 

 tion in 1875 was 7,268 ; in 1886, 10,300. It is 

 on the Union Pacific, the Atchison, Topeka, and 

 Santa Fe, and the Southern Kansas Railroads. 

 The State University and Haskell Institute, a 

 Government Indian school, are located there. 

 The city possesses good water-power, has five 

 corn- and flour- mills, two machine-shops, and 

 other manufacturing establishments. 



Lawrence, a city and one of the shire towns 

 of Essex County, Mass., on both sides of the 

 Merrimack river, about 26 miles from its 

 mouth, 26 miles by rail north of Boston, and 

 nine miles below Lowell ; latitude 42 42' 

 north, longitude 71 9' west. The popula- 

 tion in 1870 was 28,921 ; in 1880, 39,151, of 

 which about 44 per cent, are of foreign birth. 

 In 1845, there was not one dwelling on the 

 ground now covered by the most populous 

 part of the city. A dam was built across the 

 river in that year, and in 1853 Lawrence re- 

 ceived a city charter. The water-power af- 

 forded by the dam is estimated at about 10,000 

 horse-power. The Government has so im- 

 proved the river below the city that barges 

 and steamboats of light draught can reach the 

 lower part of the city without difficulty. Four 

 railroads afford communication with Boston 

 and with the north. There are two daily pa- 

 pers and a street-railroad. The great water- 

 power furnished by the fall of the river is 

 utilized for manufactures, mainly of woolen, 

 cotton, and worsted goods. Ten years ago it 

 was reported as having eight cotton and woolen 

 corporations, with an aggregate capital of $7,- 

 590,000, about 360,000 spindles, 8,600 looms, 

 and 11,000 operatives. In 1880 there were 

 seven establishments for making cotton goods, 

 three for woolen goods, five for worsted 

 goods, and three for mixed textiles, in all 18, 

 with an aggregate capital of $15,232,285, and 

 employing 13,218 hands, besides three for dye- 

 ing and finishing textiles, with a capital of 

 $1,645,000 and employing 1,311 hands. Capi- 

 tal to the amount of $410,000 was employed 

 in the manufacture of paper, and $296,362 in 

 that of foundry and machine-shop products. 

 The entire capital of all establishments in 1880 

 was $18,698,977, the whole number of em- 

 ployes 16,719, and the total value of prod- 

 ucts $25,058,246. The value of the product 

 of cotton, woolen, worsted, and mixed goods 

 amounted to $18,002,508. 



Leavenworth, a city, the largest and oldest 

 in Kansas, and the capital of Leavenworth 

 County, on the right bank of Missouri river, 

 500 miles above its mouth, 25 miles northwest 

 of Kansas City, Mo., and 45 miles northeast of 

 Topeka. The population in 1875 was 15,136; 

 in 1880, 16,546; in 1886 it was estimated at 

 30,431. A system of water- works has been 

 completed, and several miles of the Waring 



system of sewers are in use. A large Union 

 depot, and a Government building for a court- 

 house and post-office are in process of construc- 

 tion. The Southwestern Branch Soldiers' Home 

 was placed at Leavenworth in 1884, and occu- 

 pies 640 acres two miles south of the city. 

 There are ten large buildings nearly completed, 

 and others begun. Several hundred veterans 

 have a home there. A school of application, 

 for training young officers, has been established 

 at Fort Leavenworth, two miles north of the 

 city, and a United States military prison. A 

 large river-trade was formerly carried on ; but 

 the carrying-trade is now almost monopolized 

 by the railroads. The development of the bi- 

 tuminous coal-beds that underlie the city has 

 given a strong impetus to manufacturing. The 

 chief establishments are foundries, stove, boiler, 

 machine, and brass works, planing- and flour- 

 ing-mills, box, barrel, cigar, and furniture 

 factories, and wagon, bridge, and glucose 

 works. New elevators have been built to ac- 

 commodate the increasing grain-trade. The 

 apple-trade is very large, thousands of barrels 

 being shipped every year. 



Los Angeles, a city, capital of Los Angeles 

 County, Cal., on the west side of Eio de los 

 Angeles, which falls into San Pedro Bay, 350 

 miles south-southeast of San Francisco, and 

 300 miles south-southeast of Vallejo ; latitude 

 34 north, longitude 118 west. The pop- 

 ulation in 1875 was 5,728; in 1880, 11,000; in 

 1886 it was estimated at 40,000. The assessed 

 value of real and personal property has risen 

 from $5,947,580 in 1878 to $16,273,535 in 

 1885. Several colonies have grown up within 

 20 miles of Los Angeles in the past fifteen years, 

 many within five years. The wealth of the 

 county increased from $16,228,106 in 1878 to 

 $35,494,027 in 1885. The city is a railroad 

 center, and a favorite winter resort for invalids. 



Louisville, a port of delivery, the chief city of 

 Kentucky, and capital of Jefferson County, on 

 the south bank of Ohio river at the falls, about 

 400 miles above its mouth, and 600 miles be- 

 low the head of navigation at Pittsburg, 150 

 miles below Cincinnati, and 45 miles west of 

 Frankfort. The population in 1870 was 100,- 

 753 ; in 1880 it was 123,758 ; in 1886 it was 

 155,000, about one fifth of whom were col- 

 ored. In 1870 there were 8 national banks, 15 

 or 20 State banks, 6 daily newspapers, sev- 

 eral medical schools, 95 churches, and 3 pub- 

 lic libraries, the State Library having 30,000 

 volumes, and a museum and natural history 

 department with 100,000 specimens. There 

 are now 9 national and 13 other banks with a 

 capital of $9,113,500, 5 daily and 32 other 

 newspapers and journals, 32 school-buildings, 

 5 medical colleges, 128 churches, and 3 public 

 libraries. Formerly the trade of the city was 

 mainly by the river; but it now has ample 

 railway facilities, besides several lines of 

 freight and passenger steamboats running up 

 as far as Pittsburg and down as far as New 

 Orleans. An elevated railroad along the river- 





