CITIES, AMERICAN. (LOWELL, LYNN, MALDEN.) 



173 



front, two miles in length, connects the north- 

 ern and southern lines of railway. Besides 

 the bridge at the head of the falls, an iron rail- 

 way, wagon, and foot bridge with stone piers 

 crosses the river at Portland, the southwest 

 suburb of the city, at the foot of the falls. 

 The total value of property at the last assess- 

 ment was $62,763,461. The whole number of 

 manufacturing establishments in 1870 was 783 ; 

 the capital invested, $11,119,000; the hands 

 employed, 11,549. There are now nearly 1,300 

 establishments with $22,000,000 capital and 

 22,000 hands, and production amounting to a 

 value of $50,000,000. The largest business is 

 the trade in whisky. The manufacture of five 

 distilleries in 1874 "amounted to 1,037,644 gal- 

 lons. The amount distilled in the Louisville 

 district in 1884 was 15,511,000 gallons in 

 bond, the same year, 23,573,448 gallons. There 

 are 75 wholesale liquor-houses. Four leading 

 plow-factories produce annually 225,000 plows 

 and 35,000 cultivators. The production of 

 wagons is over 10,000 annually ; the value of 

 furniture made, $1,500,000. In 1885, 900,000 

 ^barrels of hydraulic cement were manufact- 

 ured. There are 12 tobacco -factories. Other 

 important manufacturing products are those 

 of architectural iron material, boilers, bridges, 

 beer, and leather. Pork-packing is an impor- 

 tant business, the sugar-curing of hams being 

 a specialty. Large quantities of leaf-tobacco 

 are exported to Europe and Canada. 



Lowell, a city and one of the shire towns of 

 Middlesex County, Mass., on the Merrimack 

 river, at the mouth of the Concord, 26 miles by 

 rail northwest of Boston; latitude 42 38' 

 north, longitude 71 19' west. The popula- 

 tion in 1870 was 40,928; in 1880 it was 59,- 

 475; in 1885, 64,107. Water-power equal to 

 14,000 horse-power is furnished by the two 

 rivers. The number of pupils in the public 

 schools has risen in ten years from 5,000 to 

 10,000, the number of daily newspapers from 

 three to five, of churches from 30 to 36, the 

 number of volumes in the City Library from 

 17,000 to 30,000, and of those in the Mechan- 

 ics' Library from 1 3, 000 to 1 6, 000. Seven rail- 

 roads enter the city. There are four parks, the 

 largest of 22 acres. The manufacture of cot- 

 ton goods is the most important industry. In 

 1880 capital to the amount of $11,279,011 was 

 invested in cotton - mills, $1,975,509 in the 

 manufacture of woolen goods, $634,862 in 

 that of worsted goods, and $3,000,000 in estab- 

 lishments for dyeing and finishing textiles. The 

 value of the product of cotton goods was $19,- 

 510,955; of woolen goods, $3,326,945; of 

 worsted goods, $1,367,320; and of the dyeing 

 and finishing establishments, $1,993,751. The 

 foundries and machine-shops, with a capital 

 of $1,216,860, produced goods of the value of 

 $2,378,799. The entire capital of all establish- 

 ments was $20,465,192, the number of hands 

 employed 20,039, and the total value of prod- 

 ucts $33,935,777. The following table shows 

 the advance from 1875 to 1885 : 



The Lowell Machine-Shop, having at the 

 former date a capital of $600,000 and employ- 

 ing 1,100 hands, has now a capital of $900,000 

 and employs 1,600 hands. 



Lynn, a city of Essex County, Mass., on the 

 north shore of Massachusetts Bay, ten miles 

 northeast of Boston ; latitude 42 27' north, 

 70 57' west. The population in 1870 was 28,- 

 233; in 1880, 38,274; in 1885, 45,861. The 

 Government has recently made an appropria- 

 tion for improving the harbor, which, though 

 well protected, is shallow and not available for 

 vessels of heavy draught. The work has been 

 begun, the ultimate object being to divert the 

 current of Saugus river to a new channel in the 

 harbor, that it may act as a scourer. Lynn is 

 entered by two railroads, and has a street-rail- 

 way system, extending not only through the 

 city but to outlying towns and cities, one line 

 to Boston. The City Hall was erected at a cost 

 of $300,000 ; there are 72 schools, with 139 

 teachers; the school population is 7,527. Op- 

 posite the City Hall is a soldiers' monument, in 

 bronze, cast in Munich from designs by Jack- 

 son ; it cost $30,000. The Public Library has 

 more than 33,000 volumes. There are five na- 

 tional banks of discount, with an aggregate 

 capital of $1,100,000 and deposits amounting 

 to $1,750,000, and two savings-banks, with de- 

 posits of $4,624,634. Five weekly and two 

 daily papers are published. Work was begun 

 in 1885 on a new system of sewerage. The 

 largest park in the city is the Common, 7'25 

 acres. A movement is on foot to secure the 

 forest-lands of northern Lynn, some 3,300 

 acres in extent, for a park. The great industry 

 is the manufacture of shoes. The annual prod- 

 uct of this trade is more than $20,000,000. 

 There are besides large morocco-factories, shoe- 

 machinery factories, and last, pattern, and box 

 factories. In 1880 the value of curried leather 

 made was $2,283,672, and that of tanned leath- 

 er, $1,669,087. Prominent among recently 

 established industries is that of the Thomson- 

 Houston Electric Company, manufacturing 

 electric-dynamo machines, lamps, etc., and em- 

 ploying about 700 men. 



Maiden, a city of Middlesex County, Mass., 

 on the Maiden river, six miles north of Bos- 

 ton; latitude 42 26' north, longitude 71 4' 

 west. It was originally a part of Charlestown, 

 was granted an independent existence in 1649, 

 and made a city in 1882. The population in 

 1870 was 7,370, in 1880, 12,017, and in 1885, 

 16,407. It is on the Boston and Maine and 

 Eastern Railroads, has a horse-car line, water- 

 works constructed in 1870, and had, in 1880, 11 

 schools with 50 teachers and an average at- 



