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CITIES, AMERICAN. (MANCHESTER, MEMPHIS, MILWAUKEE.) 



tendance of 1,825. The Converse Memorial 

 Building, designed by II. H. Richardson, has 

 been recently erected for the Public Library. 

 The principal manufactory is that of the Bos- 

 ton Rubber-Shoe Company, one of the largest es- 

 tablishments of its kind in the country. The 

 works are valued at $377,400. Other manu- 

 factures are those of leather, sand - paper, 

 emery-paper, lasts and boot-trees, wire and 

 picture-cords, hose and twines. There are 

 also establishments for dyeing silk and cotton 

 fabrics. 



Manchester, one of the shire towns of Hills- 

 borough County, N. H., and the largest city in 

 the State, on both sides of the Merrimack river, 

 18 miles south by east of Concord, 40 miles 

 east by south of Portsmouth, and 55 miles north- 

 west of Boston ; latitude 42 59' north, longitude 

 71 28' west. The population was 23,536 in 

 1870, 32,630 in 1880, and 37,593 in 1884. The 

 villages Amoskeag and Piscataquog, on the west 

 side of the river, have now a village between 

 them, built since 1880, connected with Man- 

 chester proper by an iron bridge. Four rail- 

 roads, with their connections, give facilities 

 for communication. There are a horse-railroad 

 and five public parks, aggregating 20|- acres. 

 A Government Building, to cost $200,000, is 

 about to be erected. The public schools have 

 76 teachers and 3,800 pupils. There are 18 

 churches, five national and five savings banks, 

 two daily and three weekly newspapers, and a 

 free library of 29,000 volumes. The State In- 

 dustrial School is at Manchester. The growth 

 and prosperity of the city are due to the water- 

 power afforded by the Amoskeag Falls in the 

 Merrimack, and applied principally to the man- 

 ufacture of cotton and woolen goods. Steam- 

 power is used in dry seasons. In 1880, capital 

 to the amount of $8,808,584 was invested in 

 the manufacture of cotton goods alone. It 

 yielded $7,604,568 worth of products. Over 

 6,200 operatives were employed ; $354,000 was 

 invested in foundries and machine-shops, the 

 products were valued at $717,851. The entire 

 amount of capital invested in manufactures 

 was $15,149,153, the number of hands em- 

 ployed, 10,838, and the total value of prod- 

 ucts, $14,136,305. Between the years 1874 

 and 1886 the number of looms increased from 

 7,654 to 13,435, the number of spindles from 

 303,600 to 441,100, the number of employes 

 from 9,000 to 10,825, and the number of yards 

 manufactured per week from 1,430,000 to 

 2,479,000. The Manchester Locomotive-Works, 

 incorporated in 1854, had turned out 786 com- 

 plete engines up to 1875. 



Memphis, a city and port of delivery, capital 

 of Shelby County, Tenn., and the largest city 

 in the State. It is in the southwest corner of 

 the State, on Mississippi river, just below the 

 mouth of Wolf river, on the fourth Chickasaw 

 bluff, about 35 feet above the highest water, 

 780 miles above New Orleans, 420 miles below 

 St. Louis, and 232 miles by rail Southwest of 

 Nashville. The population in 1880 was 33,592. 



It is the principal business city on the Missis- 

 sippi, between St. Louis and New Orleans, 

 having alarge trade throughout the Southwest. 

 The sewerage system has been changed and the 

 sanitation greatly improved since the yellow- 

 fever epidemics of recent years. Eight lines 

 of railroad and several steamboat lines furnish 

 ample facilities for transportation. There are 

 4 daily and IB weekly and monthly news- 

 papers, 17 public and 19 private school!?, and 

 59 churches, of which 31 are colored. There 

 are 11 local insurance companies, with a capi- 

 tal of $1,750,000, and a banking capital of 

 $1,670,000, with aggregate clearings in 1885 of 

 $84,000,000. Memphis ranks as the largest 

 inland cotton -market in the world, and its trade 

 in this staple is rapidly increasing, having risen 

 from 112,296 bales in 1865-'66 to 430,127 in 

 1885-'86. One cotton-compress system has a 

 capital of $1,000,000, and has capacity for com- 

 pressing 6,000 bales every twenty-four hours, 

 and a storage capacity of 150,000. There are in 

 the city about 300 manufacturing concerns, 

 among them 11 saw- and planing-mills employ- 

 ing more than 400 hands, 5 large carriage-fac- . 

 tories, 11 cotton-seed-oil mills, a cotton-facto- 

 ry, wood - working establishments, and others. 

 The grocery-trade is very large ; there are 29 

 exclusively wholesale houses. The wholesale 

 trade in dry-goods, boots and shoes, and drugs 

 is also very large, and the milling system and 

 flour-trade are growing. The bulk meat-trade 

 in 1885 aggregated 33,000,000 pounds. The old 

 charter of the city was abolished in 1879, the 

 city having become involved in debt, and the 

 conduct of its affairs being generally unsatisfac- 

 tory. The Legislature made it a " taxing dis- 

 trict," with a new government, which has no 

 power to contract debts or levy taxes. The 

 Governing Council is composed of three com- 

 missioners and a Board of Public Works of five, 

 elected for four years, and serving without 

 compensation. Under its regime the debt has 

 been settled and funded, and numerous im- 

 provements have been made. The new order 

 was approved by the people at the election of 

 January, 1886. 



Milwaukee, the chief city and port of entry of 

 "Wisconsin, capital of Milwaukee County, on the 

 west shore of Lake Michigan, 75 miles east of 

 Madison, and 85 miles north by west of Chica- 

 go; latitude 43 2' north, longitude 87 54' 

 west. The population in 1875 was 100,775; 

 in 1880, 115,712 ; in 1885, 158,509, by the cen- 

 sus returns. The estimate from the "Direct- 

 ory" in May, 1886, was 170,000, of whom 

 about 100,000 were born in the United States. 

 The Government has built a breakwater at the 

 northern end of the bay on which the city is 

 situated, at a cost of more than $1,000,000. The 

 Milwaukee river, which flows through the city, 

 has been rendered navigable and docked to the 

 heart of the city. The new buildings erected 

 in 1885 cost $4,500,000. The Northwestern 

 Mutual Life-Insurance Company has built a 

 very large stone business block on the site of 



