176 



CITIES, AMERICAN". (NEWABK, NEW BEDFORD, NEW HAVEN.) 



more than $70,000,000. About 5,300 mechan- 

 ics and skilled laborers are employed within 

 the postal delivery limits, excluding those in 

 the railroad-shops. During the year 1883, 

 $1,215,000 was invested in machinery. There 

 are three large cotton-factories, one of which 

 employs 800 hands, and a woolen-factory. A 

 chewing-gum factory employs 140 hands, and 

 crackers and candy are manufactured in great 

 quantities. There are 25 saw- and planing- 

 inills, and 33 firms engaged in the lumber- 

 trade. Nashville is the first hard-wood lum- 

 ber-market in the country. In hardware, 

 stoves, and hollow-ware, a large business is 

 done. The flouring-mills have a daily capacity 

 of 1,800 barrels. The iron interests of the 

 South are largely controlled there. One firm 

 alone, representing $9,000,000, is engaged in 

 mining and manufacturing iu Tennessee and 

 Northern Alabama. 



'Newark, a port of entry and the chief city of 

 New Jersey, capital of Essex County, on the 

 west bank of Passaic river, 4 miles above its 

 entrance into Newark Bay, and 9 miles west 

 of New York ; latitude 40 44' north, longi- 

 tude 74 10' west. The population in 1870 was 

 105,059; in 1880, 136,508; in 1886, 154,000. 

 Over 80 passenger-trains pass through the city 

 daily, over the five lines of railway. There 

 are graded public schools, incorporated acade- 

 mies, German theological schools, 2 public li- 

 braries, 7 daily newspapers, and about 100 

 churches. Newark is noted for the extent and 

 variety of its manufactures. The manufact- 

 ure of celluloid and celluloid goods is almost 

 wholly confined to this city. The report of 

 the Board of Trade for 1872 gave the total 

 product of the sales of manufactured goods 

 and wares as $72,879,036. Of this about $52,- 

 000,000 was the product of the manufactures 

 of the city. In 1880, the total value of prod- 

 ucts manufactured in the city was $69,252,705. 

 The number of establishments increased in 

 about the same time from 1,015 to 1,319, and 

 the number of hands employed from 29,174 

 to 30,046. Following are some of the most 

 important manufactures, with the capital in- 

 vested, and the total value of products in 1880 : 



New Bedford, a city, port of entry, and one 

 of the capitals of Bristol County, Mass., on the 

 west side of Acushnet river, near its mouth in 

 Buzzard's Bay, 56 miles by rail south by east 

 of Boston ; latitude 41 39' north, longitude 

 70 56' west. The population in 1870 was 21,- 

 320; in 1880, 26,845 ; in 1885, 33,393. The 

 whale-fishery, for which New Bedford has been 

 noted, has steadily declined in recent years. 

 The total value of the importations of oil and 

 bone was greatest in 1853, amounting to $10,- 

 763,107.83. The amount of capital, vessels and 

 tonange employed in the industry, reached 

 its highest point in 1857. The number of 

 whalers at that date was 329 ; in 1876 it was 

 116 ; and in 1886, 78. But, while this indus- 

 try has declined, owing to the discovery of 

 petroleum, the growing scarcity of whales, and 

 other casses, large manufacturing interests 

 have grown up in the city. The Wamsutta 

 Cotton-Mills were established in 1848, with a 

 capital of $160,000 and 15,000 spindles. In 

 1876 they had 86,000 spindles; in 1886, 202,- 

 000. The Potomska Mills, for print-cloths, 

 had 22,500 spindles in 1876, and 106,000 in 

 1886. The Grinnell and Acushnet Mills have 

 62,500 spindles each. Other important manu- 

 factures are those of soap and candles, boots 

 and shoes, iron and copper, leather, glass, cord- 

 age, and paints. The amount of capital in- 

 vested in the manufacture of soap and candles 

 in 1880 was $900,000, and the value of prod- 

 ucts, $1,288,981. There are two manufactur- 

 ing photographic establishments, a glass dec- 

 orating establishment, two electric-light com- 

 panies, three carriage - factories, and Prussian- 

 blue works. The total value of manufact- 

 ured products in 1873 was about $8,000,000 ; 

 in 1880 it was $9,835,955. 



New Haven, a town, city, and port of entry, 

 capital of New Haven County, and the largest 

 city of Connecticut, at the head of New Haven 

 bay or harbor, 4 miles from Long Island Sound, 

 36 miles by rail south-southwest of Hartford, 

 and 74 miles east-northeast of New York ; lati- 

 tude 41 18' north, longitude 72 57' west. The 

 population in 1870 was 50,840 ; in 1880, 62,- 

 882; in 1886, 76,600. The harbor has been 

 improved at its entrance by a jetty built on the 

 west shore, and by a breakwater surmounted 

 by a lighthouse two miles south of the old 

 lighthouse. The city owns 350 acres on the 

 summit of East Rock, used as a public park ; 

 $100,000 has already been spent upon it, about 

 one half of which was the gift of private in- 

 dividuals. A soldiers' monument, 125 feet 

 in height, stands on the highest point of the 

 rock. Five railroads enter the city. In 1880 

 the entrances and clearances of vessels in 

 the foreign trade were 96 and 37 ; of those 

 in the coastwise trade and fisheries, 952 and 

 733 ; the number of vessels in the district, 227 ; 

 the number built during the year, 35. Prom- 

 inent among the manufactures are those of 

 carriages, corsets, hardware and tools, iron 

 products, India-rubber goods, and fire-arms. 





