CITIES, AMERICAN. (NEW YOKE.) 



177 



The Marlin, "Whitney, and Winchester Arms 

 Companies have their establishments there, 

 the last named having a capital of $1,000,000. 

 Following is a table of the capital and prod- 

 ucts of some branches of manufacture in 1880 : 



The whole amount of capital invested in 

 manufacturing was $9,703,737, the number of 

 hands employed 15,156, and the total value of 

 products $24,040,225. 



New York, a city of the State of New York, 

 coextensive with the county of the same 

 name, the commercial metropolis of the United 

 States, and the most populous city in the 

 Western hemisphere, situated at the mouth of 

 the Hudson river, 18 miles from the Atlantic 

 Ocean ; latitude of the City Hall 40 42' 43" 

 north, longitude 74 0' 3" west. The popu- 

 lation in 1870 was 942,292, of whom 419,094 

 were of foreign birth; in 1875 it was 1,046,037; 

 in 1880, 1,206,299. No census was taken in 

 1885. But from a comparison of the names 

 in the city directories since 1880 it was calcu- 

 lated that the population is increasing at the 

 rate of about 37,000 a year. Of the popula- 

 tion in 1880, 727,629 were native-born and 

 478,670 of foreign birth. The number of 

 dwellings in 1870 was 64,044; in 1880 it was 

 73,684, giving an average in 1870 of 14'72, 

 and in 1880 of 16'37 persons to each dwelling. 

 The number of families in 1880 was 243,157. 

 with an average of 4'96 persons to each 

 family. The average transient population in 

 1870 was estimated at 30,000 ; in 1880, at from 

 50,000 to 100,000. The facilities for transit 

 between the various parts of the city have 

 been greatly improved within ten years. The 

 great suspension-bridge across the East river 

 to Brooklyn was opened to the public in 1883, 

 and cable-roads across it are in operation. 

 There are four lines of elevated railroads, 

 known as the Second, Third, Sixth, and Ninth 

 Avenue lines; the Third Avenue line has a 

 branch from Chatham Square to the City 

 Hall, and one running through Forty- second 

 Street to the Grand Central Depot. The 

 Sixth Avenue line crosses Fifty-third Street 

 to Ninth Avenue. The Second Avenue line 

 has bridged the Harlem river, and extended 

 its tracks over the mainland. At the termina- 

 tion of the Sixth and Ninth Avenue lines, 

 which, above Central Park, run over Eighth 

 Avenue, is the depot of the New York City 

 and Northern Railroad. All the elevated 

 roads are leased by one corporation, known as 

 the Manhattan Railway Company. There is 

 a cable-road on Tenth Avenue from One Hun- 

 dred and Twenty-fifth to One Hundred and 



VOL. XXVI. 12 A 



Eighty-fifth Street ; and another is nearly 

 completed on One Hundred and Twenty-fifth 

 Street, from river to river. The cars run every 

 few minutes during the day, and most of them 

 through the night. Railroad connections have 

 been improved ; seven roads enter the city, 

 but the majority have their depots in Brook- 

 lyn, Jersey City, or Hoboken. The West 

 Shore Railway, now controlled by the Cen- 

 tral, passes up the west shore of the Hudson 

 and through the principal cities from Albany 

 to Buffalo. Connection will soon be made 

 from New York with the Baltimore and Ohio. 

 There are nineteen ferries across the East 

 river, two to Staten Island, one to Bay Ridge, 

 Long Island, and nine across the Hudson river. 

 Regular lines of steamships run to nearly all 

 European ports. There are numerous lines of 

 coast and river steamboats running to points 

 on the sea-coast and the rivers. Steam for 

 heat and power is supplied through pipes 

 underground to many buildings. It is in- 

 tended to place the telegraph and telephone 

 wires under-ground. For some years past 

 operations have been carried on for the re- 

 moval of the obstructions in the East river at 

 Hell Gate, and much has been accomplished 

 for the improvement of navigation, though 

 the work is not yet completed. The Bartholdi 

 Statue of Liberty, presented to the Republic 

 by the Republic of France several years ago, 

 has been placed on its pedestal at Fort Wood, 

 Bedlow's Island, in the harbor, and was dedi- 

 cated with appropriate ceremonies in 1886. 

 Riverside Park, extending from Seventy-sec- 

 ond to One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Street, 

 and bordering on the Hudson, has been im- 

 proved, and contains the tomb of Gen. U. S. 

 Grant. It is proposad to lay out large parks 

 on the mainland north of Harlem river, and 

 the Legislature has authorized the purchase of 

 the necessary land. Prominent among new 

 buildings are the Barge Office, a handsome 

 granite building at the Battery, and the Pro- 

 duce Exchange on Whitehall Street. The total 

 amount of business done at the post-office in 

 1885 was $70,534,363.01. Much of the vacant 

 space on the west side of the city and beyond 

 the Harlem river is used for market gardens. 

 The census of 1880 reported 2,229 persons 

 engaged in agricultural pursuits within the 

 city limits. The police force has been in- 

 creased in ten years from about 2,500 to 3,000 

 men, the number of steam fire-engines from 

 about 45 to 54. In about the same time the 

 number of hospitals has increased from 25 to 

 36; of dispensaries, from 30 to 47; and the 

 number of orphan asylums and homes to 103. 

 There are 20 colleges and seminaries, and 24 

 medical institutions, colleges, and societies for 

 instruction. The total number of libraries is 33 

 The number of churches has increased from 350 

 to 424, and of periodicals from 400 to 631, ^of 

 which 30 are daily. Some handsome armories 

 for the State militia have recently been built. 

 A new aqueduct is in process of construction. 



