180 



CITIES, AMERICAN". (PHILADELPHIA, PITTSBURG.) 



of grain in each twenty-four hours, and the 

 internal revenue upon the product amounting 

 to about $1,250,000 each month glucose, corn- 

 starch, pottery, watches, agricultural imple- 

 ments, foundry and machine - shop products, 

 wagons and carriages, and planed lumber. 

 Peoria is also a large market for grain, espe- 

 cially corn and oats. There are six elevator 

 warehouses for the storage of grain, with an 

 aggregate capacity of 2,400,000 bushels, and 

 a total transfer capacity of 600 cars. The fol- 

 lowing table shows the receipts and shipments 

 of some of the leading articles for the years 

 1884 and 1885 : 



port. The growth of its foreign commerce is 

 shown by the following table : 



Philadelphia, the chief city of Pennsylvania 

 and the second of the United States in popu- 

 lation, coextensive with the county of the 

 same name, on the Delaware river, at the 

 mouth of the Schuylkill, 96 miles from the 

 Atlantic Ocean, 125 miles in a direct line 

 northeast of Washington, and 85 miles south- 

 west of New York; latitude 39 57' north, 

 longitude 75 9' west. The population in 1870 

 was 674,022; and in 1880, 847,170. The num- 

 ber of families, at the last-named date, was 

 165,044, with an average oi 5*13 persons to 

 a family; the number of dwellings, 146,412, 

 averaging 5-79 persons in each. The assessed 

 value of property in 1886 was $611,309,615, 

 the true value at least twice that sum. In 

 1874 the true value was estimated at $1,025,- 

 785,831. The tax on real estate in 1886 was 

 $10,879,121.16; in 1875 it wa* $10,518,462.86. 

 The funded debt, Jan. 1, 1875, was $55,272,- 

 132.40; Jan. 1, 1886, it was $62,305,245.22. 

 The floating debt in 1875 was $4,018,931.25; 

 in 1886 it was $521,558.55. The number of 

 national banks has increased in about ten 

 years from 30, with an aggregate capital of 

 $17,135,000, to 35, with capital of about $18,- 

 000,000, while the number of State banks has 

 fallen from 12, with capital of about $1,000,- 

 000, to 6, with about $720,000. The 5 safe 

 deposit and trust companies have increased to 

 8, and the number of savings-banks has fallen 

 from 6 to 3. The number of public schools has 

 increased from 424 to 472, and the average 

 attendance at them from 79.565 to 99,446. 

 The number of volumes in the Mercantile Li- 

 brary has grown from 126,000 to 142,000; in 

 the Philadelphia, from 100,500 to 125,000 ; in 

 that of the Academy of Natural Sciences, from 

 30,000 to 35,000. In 1880, Philadelphia had 

 communication by 8 railroads, and the size of 

 the Delaware gives it the advantages of a sea- 



The increase in manufactures from 1870 to 

 1880 is shown by the following table: 



ITEMS. 



Number of estab- 

 lishments 



Number of hands . . . 

 Amount of capital. . 

 Value of materials. . 

 Amount of wages. . . 

 Value of products. . . 



1870. 



1880. 



188?. 



8,184! 8,567 12.063 



137,496 15,527 242,488 



1174,016,674 $187.148,857 



$180,325,713 f 199,155.477 



$58,780,130 $64.265,966 



$322,004,517 $324.342,935 $481,226,309 



The following gives the figures for 1880 of 

 some of the leading manufactures : 



The deposits of gold of domestic production 

 made at the United States Mint from its earli- 

 est period to the close of 1880 amounted to 

 $873,097,015.62, and of native silver to $121,- 

 924,919.14. 



Pitteburg, the second city of Pennsylvania in 

 population and importance, county-seat of Al- 

 legheny County, at the confluence of the Al- 

 legheny and Monongahela rivers, which here 

 form the Ohio, opposite Allegheny City, 466 

 miles above Cincinnati, and 256 miles west by 

 north of Philadelphia; latitude 40 27' north, 

 longitude 79 59' west. The populntion in 1870 

 was 86,076; in 1875, after annexations, it was 

 estimated at 140,000 ; in 1880 it was 156,389 ; 

 in 1886 it was estimated at 186,700, and that of 

 Allegheny City 89,500. Three new railroads 

 entering the city have been built during the 

 past ten years, and several small branch roads 

 have been chartered and surveyed. The intro- 

 duction of natural gas, and its almost universal 

 use in the manufactories, have made a very im- 

 portant change. It is estimated that its use 

 has displaced 190.000 bushels of coal a day, or 

 in 250 working-days over 48,000,000 bushels. 

 There are now six chartered gas companies 

 doing business in the city, one of which has 

 more than 350 miles of pipe. It is estimated 

 that the gas has increased the productive ca- 



