CITIES, AMERICAN. (PORTLAND, POUGHKEEPSIE, READING.) 



181 



pacity of the mills over 20 per cent. Pitts- 

 burg is the great center of the iron industry. 

 The value of the production of iron and steel 

 alone in 1880 amounted to $35,490,634. During 

 the first half of 1886, 2,637,687 tons of pig-iron 

 were produced, and the following figures are 

 given in regard to the leading industries : 



These figures, however, are far beyond those 

 of the census of 1880, which gives the capital 

 employed in all manufacturing industries as 

 $52,645,010, the number of hands employed as 

 36,930, and the total value of products, $75,- 

 915,033. 



About one quarter of the pig-iron produced in 

 the United States is consumed in Pittsburg and 

 Allegheny. The annual product of the rolling- 

 mills is about 1,305,212 tons, two thirds of 

 which is steel. The number of rolling-mills 

 has increased in about ten years from 16 to 46, 

 and the 8 steel- works to 20. The glass-manu- 

 facturing establishments, which numbered 45, 

 now number 84, and the annual value of the 

 product is more than $10,000,000. The leading 

 firms are competing with the best manufact- 

 urers of Limoges, Carlsbad, Bohemian, and 

 other celebrated glasswares. Over $4,000,000 

 of capital is invested in insurance business, and 

 the risks average annually over $150,000,000. 

 A new court-house and jail, of Massachusetts 

 granite, is in process of construction, to cost 

 nearly $3,000,000. A Government building, 

 to be used as a post-office, begun seven years 

 ago, is now little above the foundation. 



Portland, a city and port of entry, capital of 

 Cumberland County, Maine, the largest city 

 in the State, on a peninsula projecting into 

 Casco Bay, 63 miles by rail south-southwest of 

 Augusta, and 108 miles north- northeast of 

 Boston; latitude 43 39' north, longitude 70 

 15' west. The population in 1870 was 31,413 ; 

 in 1880 it was 33,810 ; in 1886 it was estimated 

 at 36,000. The suburbs, or adjoining towns of 

 Deering, Cape Elizabeth, and Falmouth have 

 about 14,000 inhabitants, who contribute to 

 the business prosperity of the city. The valua- 

 tion of property in 1880 was $30,184,928; and 

 in 1886, $33,433,000. There are in the city six 

 national banks, a trust company, several pri- 

 vate banking firms, and two savings-banks, 

 whose deposits aggregate $10,000,000. The 

 Public Library has about 30,000 volumes, and 

 the Maine Historical Society has a library and 

 cabinet here. There are 21 public schools, 

 with an average attendance of 4,327. Six 



railroads enter the city. The total value of 

 imports in 1880 was $1,391,086, and of exports 

 $3,967,250. The number of persons employed 

 in the fisheries in the same year was 1,651, the 

 capital invested was $755,951, and 41,060,900 

 pounds of fresh fish were taken ; 82,000 barrels 

 of mackerel were packed in 1885. The canned 

 provision trade is of growing importance. The 

 lumber-trade is large; 85,000,000 feet of long 

 spruce lumber alone was shipped from the port 

 in 1885. The whole amount of capital invested 

 in manufactures in 1880 was $4,243,225, and 

 the entire value of products $9,832,931. Fol- 

 lowing are statistics of some of the most im- 

 portant of them : 



Poughkeepsie, a city, capital of Dutchess 

 County, N. Y., on the east bank of Hudson 

 river, 75 miles by rail north of New York, and 

 70 miles below Albany ; latitude 41 40' north, 

 longitude 73 55' west. The population in 1870 

 was 20,080 ; in 1880, 20,207. The total valua- 

 tion of property in the latter year was $11,799,- 

 293. The city is on the Hudson River Rail- 

 road, and is the western terminus of the Pough- 

 keepsie, Hartford, and Boston. Piers have been 

 built for a new bridge across the Hudson. Fol- 

 lowing are statistics for 1880 of some of the 

 principal manufacturing industries : 



The whole amount of capital invested in 

 manufactures was $3,728,700 ; the entire value 

 of products, $4,392,900. 



Reading, a city, capital of Berks County, Pa., 

 on the east bank of the Schuylkill river, and 

 on the Schuylkill and Union Canals ; 54 miles 

 by rail east by north of Harrisburg, and 58 

 miles northwest of Philadelphia; latitude 40 

 20' north, longitude 75 55' west. The popu- 

 lation was 33,930 in 1870, and 43,278 in 1880. 

 It is now (1886) estimated at 55,000. The to- 

 tal valuation of property in 1880 was $19,343,- 

 858. The city has unusual railway advantages, 

 being the center of the Philadelphia and Read- 

 ing, and the terminus of the East Pennsylva- 

 nia, Lebanon Valley, Reading and Columbia, 

 and Wilmington and Northern roads. Follow- 

 ing shows the statistics of the principal manu- 

 factures in 1880: 



