182 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (RICHMOND, ROCHESTER.) 



The whole amount of capital invested in 

 manufactures was $7,498,256 ; the entire value 

 of products, $13,251,095. 



Richmond, a city, port of entry, and the capi- 

 tal of Virginia and of Henrico County, the 

 largest city in the State, on the north bank of 

 James river, at the head of tide-water and at 

 the lower falls, about 100 miles from the mouth 

 of the river, and 9V miles south-southwest of 

 Washington; latitude 37 32' north, longitude 

 77 27' west. The population in 1870 was 51,038, 

 of whom 23,110 were colored: in 1880 it was 

 63,882 ; in 1883 it was estimated at 70,945, the 

 adjoining suburbs at 4,683, and the city of 

 Manchester, on the opposite side of the river, 

 7,000, all together 82,628. Improvements are 

 in progress in the river which are expected to 

 render the docks accessible to vessels drawing 

 22 feet. Six lines of railroad intersect here, 

 and regular lines of steamers run to Norfolk, 

 Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York. The 

 chief articles of export are tobacco and flour. 

 About 16,520 hands are employed in manu- 

 factories, the most important of which are iron- 

 works, foundries and machine-shops, flouring- 

 mills, and tobacco-factories. Among the arti- 

 cles most largely manufactured are smoking 

 and chewing tobacco, cigars and cigarettes, 

 agricultural implements, stoves, tobacco fixt- 

 ures, nails and spikes, bar -iron, fertilizers, 

 cedar-ware, boots and shoes, boxes, paper, cot- 

 ton goods, and earthenware. Ten years ago 

 the number of hands employed was about 

 16,000. 



Rochester, a city, port of entry, and the capi- 

 tal of Monroe County, N. Y., on Genesee river, 

 7 miles from its mouth, and 229 miles by rail 

 west-northwest of Albany; latitude 43 8' 

 north, longitude 77 40' west. The population 

 in 1870 was 62,386; in 1880, 89,366; in 1886 

 it was estimated at 122,000. From 1875 to 

 1886 the number of public schools increased 

 from 20 with 11,275 pupils, to 32 with 14,156 

 pupils. About 80 periodicals are published, of 

 which 6 are daily, 4 English, and 2 German. 

 An Academy of Science was incorporated in 

 1881. The Powers Art-Gallery has one of the 

 finest collections in the country, and the uni- 

 versity one of the best cabinets and Museums 

 of Natural Science. The Warner Observatory 

 was built in 1883 at a cost of $100,000, and 

 furnished with a telescope costing $13,000 

 more. The Reynolds Library was incorporated 

 in 1884, and opened to the public in 1886. The 

 Central Public Library has about 10,000 vol- 

 umes, the Law Library 10,000, the University 

 Library 22,000, and the Theological Seminary 

 Library 21,000. The Reynolds Memorial Chemi- 

 cal Laboratory has just been added to the Uni- 



versity buildings at a cost of $25,000, and 

 Rockefeller Hall within a few years to those 

 of the Theological Seminary at a cost of $38,- 

 000. Among other new buildings are the 

 Powers Hotel, which cost $630,000, and the 

 Warner Building, $500,000. A Government 

 Building, to cost $500,000, is in process of erec- 

 tion. A new street has been opened near the 

 center of the city at a cost of $165,000. The 

 semi-centennial of the city's incorporation was 

 celebrated in 1884. Eight railroads enter the 

 city. In 1882-'83 the tracks of the New York 

 Central through the greater part of the city 

 were elevated, and a new train-house and depot 

 were built, at an entire cost of about $2,000,- 

 000, the streets, river, and race being spanned 

 by iron bridges, and 38,812 yards of masonry 

 built in retaining- walls. The New York, Lake 

 Erie, and Western has a new train-house and 

 depot in process of construction. Railroads to 

 Lake Ontario and Irondequoit Bay have multi- 

 plied cottages and hotels at these resorts, and 

 the travel often amounts to several thousand 

 passengers a day. There are six banks of cir- 

 culation and discount, with a total capital and 

 surplus of over $2,000,000. Four savings- 

 banks, in their reports of July 1, 1886, show 

 deposits of $19,623,902, surplus $2,890,787, 

 and 41,071 depositors. The savings of many 

 citizens go into the loan and building asso- 

 ciations, of which there are 42. Rochester 

 owes the beginning of its prosperity to the 

 water-power afforded by the falls of the Gene- 

 see. It was formerly noted for its manufacture 

 of flour, being at one time first in the country 

 and even in the world in that manufacture. 

 This is still an important industry, although it 

 has relatively declined. The nursery business 

 done here exceeds that of any single State ex- 

 cept New York. Some of the leading seed- 

 houses of the country also are located here. A 

 large amount of men's clothing, boots and shoes, 

 beer, tobacco, proprietary medicines, and per- 

 fumery are manufactured. In clothing, Roch- 

 ester does an amount of business which gives 

 it rank as the fourth city in the Union in this 

 respect. Following are some statistics of 1880 : 



