CITIES, AMERICAN. (SACEAMENTO, SAINT JOSEPH, SAINT Louis.) 



183 



The whole amount of capital invested in man- 

 ufacturing was $13,161,870, the number em- 

 ployed 14,607, and the total value of products 

 $26,478,266. 



Sacramento, a city, capital of California and 

 of Sacramento County, the fourth city in the 

 State, 83 miles by rail east-northeast of San 

 Francisco; latitude 38 33' north, longitude 

 121 20' west. The population, in 1875, 16,283 ; 

 in 1886, 22,490. New and important build- 

 ings are the State Printing- House and Exposi- 

 tion Building, and the E. B. Crocker Art- 

 Gallery. New institutions are a public high- 

 school, a business college, and an art school. 

 There are large shops for the manufacture of 

 furniture, one of the largest potteries in the 

 State, and flouring and woolen mills. 



Saint Joseph, a city, port of entry, and capi- 

 tal of Buchanan County, Mo., on the great 

 east bend of Missouri river, 260 miles west by 

 north of St. Louis, and 390 miles west south- 

 west of Chicago. The population in 1875 

 was 19,565; and in 1886 estimated at 60,000. 

 The city has river communication downward 

 to the Gulf and upward to the mouth of the 

 Yellowstone, and good railroad facilities. New 

 railroads are in process of construction and 

 others are projected. The Government is 

 building a custom-house to cost $300,000. 

 One of the fish-hatcheries of the State is here. 

 The city has water-works, electric lights, good 

 sewerage, and many miles of paved streets. 

 The citizens have invested $6,745,000 in the 

 cattle-trade of the West. The wholesale trade 

 has rapidly increased. In 1874 it amounted 

 to about $18,000,000; in 1885, to $93,427,623. 

 Manufacturing industries also are developing 

 rapidly. In 1885 the amount of capital em- 

 ployed in them was $7,040,000; the num- 

 ber of hands, 6,121 ; the wages paid were 

 $1,899,000; and the value of products, $18,- 

 861,981. Among the new establishments 

 opened in 1886 are stone- works, coffee and 

 spice mills, several overall and shirt factories, 

 employing 500 to 1,000 hands each, and an 

 additional roller flour-mill. 



Saint Louis, the chief city of Missouri, and 

 the commercial metropolis of the central Mis- 

 sissippi valley, on the right bank of the Missis- 

 sippi river, 20 miles below the entrance of 

 the Missouri, about 175 miles above the mouth 

 of the Ohio, 1,170 miles above New Orleans, 

 and 125 miles east of Jefferson City ; latitude 

 38 37' 28" north, longitude 90 15' 16" west. 

 The population in 1870 was 310,864, 112,249 

 of whom were foreigners and 22,088 colored; 

 in 1880 it was 350,518, and in 1886 estimated 

 at 420,000. More than half of the registered 

 voters in that year were foreigners. In 1875 

 the city was separated from the old county of 

 St. Louis, and under the present charter stands 

 in the same relation to the State as a county. 

 Under the same act the city limits were ex- 

 tended so that the city covers an area of nearly 

 40,000 acres. The former city of Carondelet 

 is now incorporated with St. Louis. Since 



1870 the business portion has spread over 

 many blocks to the west, crowding out the 

 dwellings; and all the churches there, except 

 the cathedral, have followed the movement 

 and built new edifices. In 1885, 1,991 new 

 brick and 504 frame buildings were erected, at 

 a cost of $7,376,519, nearly double the outlay 

 for that purpose in 1876. Important buildings 

 recently erected are a custorn-house and post- 

 office, which cost $6,250,000 ; the Exposition 

 and Music Hall Building, which cost over 

 $800,000 ; the Art Museum, built at a cost of 

 about $200,000; the Chamber of Commerce, 

 $1,500,000; and Armory Hall. The Equitable 

 Insurance Company's building has been built 

 five stories higher, making in all eleven stories, 

 at a cost of $200,000. The Fair-Grounds have 

 been enlarged to 147 acres, and a race-track 

 made, at a cost of $300,000. The number of 

 steam railroads entering the city is 34, and of 

 street-railways 14. One of these has a cable 

 line 3 miles in length. In 1874-'75 there were 

 57 day-schools, with an average attendance of 

 24,438, and 21 evening-schools, with an aver- 

 age attendance of 2,644. In 1886 there were 

 89 day-schools, with an average attendance 

 of 38,468, and 27 'evening-schools. The ex- 

 penditure for schools in the former year was 

 $792,019; in 1885 it was $1,109,000. The 

 number of churches has increased from 150 

 to 216. The trade in horses and mules exceeds 

 that of any other city in the world, and the 

 trade in hay that of any other in the country. 

 St. Louis was made a port of entry under the 

 act of 1870, permitting the shipment of for- 

 eign goods in bond to interior ports from 

 the port of first delivery. ,,The value of the 

 direct importations under this act in 1873 was 

 $1,120,455; in 1874, $843,313; in 1885, $2,- 

 261,906. The following table shows the ad- 

 vance in the receipts and shipments of bread- 

 stuffs : 



St. Louis is noted for the manufacture of 

 flour, in which it is only surpassed by Minne- 

 apolis. The amount handled in 1885 was but 

 little more than one half the capacity of the 

 mills a fact accounted for by the nearly total 

 failure of the winter-wheat crop in the central 

 belt of country from which the supply comes. 

 In 1874 there were twenty-four mills in opera- 

 tion, and the production was 1,573,202 barrels. 

 There are now twenty-seven, eleven outside 

 the limits, with a total capacity of 6,000,000 

 barrels per annum, capital to the amount of 

 $2,500,000, and 1,500 employes. The follow- 

 ing table shows the receipts and shipments of 

 live-stock, meats, etc., at the two dates: 



