CITIES, AMERICAN. (SAN FRANCISCO.) 



185 



25,000 are Chinese. In 1875 there were 19,- 

 000 Chinese, The Chinese population have 

 six large joss-houses, besides many smaller 

 temples and private joss-chambers in the build- 

 ings of the various "societies. There are sev- 

 eral Christian missions in their quarter; the 

 number of converts is 600, and the average at- 

 tendance at the evening-schools where English 

 is taught is 900. Two Chinese daily papers 

 are published in the quarter. The only rail- 

 road terminating within the city is the north- 

 ern division of the Southern Pacific, to meet 

 the main line in Los Angeles County. Others 

 connect by ferry. There are now ten lines of 

 cable street-roads, and six more are project- 

 ed. Six of these have been built within six 

 years, and four of them extend to Golden 

 Gate Park. Three climb steep hills inacces- 

 sible to carriages. The number of fares col- 

 lected by the cable and horse railroads in 1885 

 was 44,630,000. About 50 ocean-steamers 

 run from the port in regular lines to Japan, 

 China, Australia, the Sandwich Islands, and 

 ports on the Pacific coast ; and a large num- 

 ber of small steamers of light draught run to 

 various points on the inland waters having 

 outlets at the bav. The amount expended in 

 new builJings in 1885 was $7,143,999, an ex- 

 cess of $5,339,564 over the amount expended 

 in 1880. The number of pupils in the public 

 schools in 1875 was 30,900; in 1885 it was 

 73,896. The number of books in the Mercan- 

 tile Library has been increased in the same 

 time from 40,000 to 56,000, that in the Me- 

 chanics 1 Institute Library from 25,000 to 42,- 

 000. The Free Library has 68,000. The num- 

 ber of academic institutions has risen from 

 three to seven, the number of medical colleges 

 from two to four, and the number of news- 

 papers and periodicals from 75 to 100. The 

 movement of business is westward on Market 

 Street. Huge retail stores are found nearly as 

 far out as the new City Hall, two miles from 

 the old business center. A radical change has 

 been made in business architecture within a 

 few years. The dread of earthquakes is past, 

 and most of the newer buildings are six and 

 seven stories in height. The new City Hall, 

 begun in 1871, is only partly finished. More 

 than $3,5UO,000 has been spent on it, and the 

 estimated cost of completing it is $4,500,000. 



The mint has a capacity for coining 1,000,- 

 000 ounces a month. The Stock Exchange, 

 which cost $900,000, was built when the min- 

 ing-stock excitement was at its height. The 

 stock transactions have shrunk to small pro- 

 portions, owing to the failure of the Comstock 

 Silver-Mines. The merchandise exports by sea 

 in 1874 were valued at $27,000,000 ; in 1885, 

 at $35,360,430. In 1884 they had been $37,- 

 238,836; in 1883, $45,730,194; in 1882, $55,- 

 218,674. The total exports of treasure by sea 

 during 1885 amounted to $19.955, 082, against 

 $15,716,486 in 1884, and $10,729,351 in 1883. 

 The value of the exports by sea of important 

 articles was as follows : 



In 1885, 93, 160 centals of barley were sent by 

 rail to Eastern cities, 10,000 flasks of quicksilver, 

 36,122,580 pounds of wool, 3,059,927 gallons of 

 wine, and 87,500 packages of salmon. The 

 overland merchandise exports for that year 

 amounted to 226,421 ,000 pounds. The imports 

 of merchandise in 1885 amounted to $33,586,- 

 360. The imports of staple groceries by sea 

 were as follow: Sugar, 185,634,285 pounds; 

 tea, 6,783, 784 pounds; rice, 33,871,951 pounds; 

 coffee, 19,423,677 pounds. Of the sugar, 163,- 

 023,491 pounds were admitted free of duty 

 from the Hawaiian Islands. The following 

 figures also are given for 1885 : 



Coinage $23,508,869 



Duties on imports 6,215.757 



Internal revenue 1,783,432 



Bank clearings 562,344,738 



Treasure exports ^including shipments by rail to 



New York) 20,230.600 



Treasure imports - 9,840,446 



The receipts of whale oil and bone for 1885 

 were the largest on record. Prior to 1879, 

 comparatively few of the Arctic fleet came to 

 San Francisco to discharge, most of them re- 

 porting at Honolulu. The number of vessels 

 reporting at San Francisco, in 1874, was 11 ; 

 in 1876, 7; in 1879, 22; in 1885, 43. For the 

 ten years prior to 1884 the receipts of whale- 

 oil at San Francisco amounted to 114,711 

 barrels, the largest quantity for any one year 

 being 18,940 barrels. The receipts for 1885 

 were 30,143 barrels of oil and 448,075 pounds 

 of bone; ivory, 7,066 pounds. Considerable 

 capital is invested in the cod-fisheries in Okhotsk 

 and Bering Seas, and among the Choumagin 

 islands on the coast of Alaska. The number 

 of vessels and the catch for several years are 

 reported below : 



Among the manufactories established with- 

 in ten years, the most important is the Union 

 Iron-Works at South San Francisco, where are 

 facilities for ship-building equal to any in the 

 country. The materials can be turned out and 

 a man-of-war built with all the latest improve- 

 ments. Others are the new woolen-mill _ at 

 Black Point ; a large sugar-refinery with im- 

 proved machinery ; a new flour-mill ; a whale- 

 oil refinery that works up the entire product 

 from the Pacific coast whaling fleet; wire- 

 works, cable-works that produce the enormous 

 street cables formerly imported from Europe ; 

 a cracker-factory, and gas-works. Great prog- 



