CITIES, AMERICAN. (TAUNTON, TOLEDO, TOPEKA.) 



187 



6,029,300 bushels were made ; in 1885, 6,934,- 

 299. The whole amount made from the time 

 when the State took charge of the springs in 

 1797 to the close of 1885 is 320,319,886 bush- 

 els. The value of other articles manufactured 

 in 1874 was estimated at about $14,000,000. 

 Following are statistics of the principal manu- 

 factures in 1880 : 



The whole amount of capital invested in 

 manufacturing industries at that time was $8,- 

 186,818; the number employed, 10,966; and 

 the total value of products, $14,695,674. There 

 are now 14 iron manufacturing companies, a 

 milk association, 2 large and 7 small breweries, 

 and manufactories of shoes, agricultural imple- 

 ments, pottery, and powder, which turn out 

 annually a product valued at $6,000,000, and 

 employ 3.000 workmen. The value of manu- 

 factured articles produced by other establish- 

 ments, not incorporated, is placed at $16,000,- 

 000. The wholesale trade of the city amounts 

 to $15,000,000 yearly, and the retail to $25,- 

 000,000. The entire trade of the city, including 

 manufactured products of all kinds, is about 

 $70,000,000. The manufacture of soda from 

 salt is carried on at the rate of 15,000 tons 

 yearly, the amount of capital invested being 

 $600,000. There are more than 3,000 business 

 concerns in the city. 



Tannton, a city, and one of the shire towns, 

 of Bristol County, Mass., at the head of navi- 

 gation on Taunton river, 24 miles from Narra- 

 gansett Bay, and 34 miles, by rail, south of 

 Boston; latitude 41 54' north, longitude 71 

 6' west. The population in 1870 was 18,629 ; 

 in 1880. 21,213 ; in 1885, 23,674. It is on the 

 Old Colony Railroad, has an important coast- 

 ing-trade, and is notetl for its herring-fisheries. 

 There are eight cotton-factories. Other arti- 

 cles manufactured are iron products and brick 

 and tile. More tacks and small nails are 

 made in Taunton than in any other place in 

 the world, and two fifths of all the shoe-but- 

 tons used in the United States are made there. 

 The table below shows the statistics of the 

 principal manufactures in 1880: 



The entire capital invested in manufacturing 

 industries was $4,086,134; the number em- 

 ployed, 5,154; the total value of products, $7,- 

 618,953. 



Toledo, a city and port of entry, capital of 

 Lucas County, Ohio, on the Maumee river, 5 

 miles from its mouth in Maumee Bay, and 8 

 miles from the western extremity of Lake 

 Erie. Its population was 31,584 in 1875; in 

 1880, 50,137; in 1886, 76,000. The city has 

 communication by fifteen or more railroads, 

 the Miami Canal, and the lakes. The shipping 

 has increased so far as to outgrow the old 

 channel to the lake, and a Government appro- 

 priation of $110,000 has been made to begin 

 work on a new, straight channel, the entire 

 estimated cost of which is $3,000,000. Toledo 

 has a very large trade in grain. Its receipts of 

 iron-ore for 1885 amounted to 51.000 tons, and 

 of coal, 2,092,421 tons, a falling off from 

 former years in consequence of labor disturb- 

 ances and depression in the iron business. The 

 receipts of lumber, shingles, etc., for the same 

 year amounted to 400,000,000 feet. The re- 

 cent discovery of natural gas and oil in im- 

 mense quantities in northwestern Ohio prom- 

 ises to give Toledo greatly increased facilities 

 for manufacture. A company has been incorpo- 

 rated having a franchise from the city, open to 

 all competitors, for furnishing natural gas to 

 Toledo from points nearer by more than half 

 than the nearest points to Pittsburg. This 

 company owns the largest producing gas-well 

 yet bored, about 26 miles from Toledo, and 

 has secured other great wells. Other compa- 

 nies have been formed, and are experimenting 

 in the vicinity. The official statistics of manu- 

 factures for 1883 show an increase of nearly 

 double over the census figures of 1880. The 

 number of establishments in 1883 was 642, the 

 capital invested, $12,000,000; the number em- 

 ployed, 11,804; the value of products, $23,- 

 300,000. These represent 117 classes. In the 

 same year 24 new companies were organized, 

 representing large railroad and manufacturing 

 interests. The production of beer and native 

 wines is very large. Toledo has a manual 

 training-school as part of its high-school course. 

 The first lunatic asylum built in Ohio under 

 the cottage system is here, and has 34 build- 

 ings in all, erected at a cost of $300,000, not 

 including the cost of the grounds. It has also 

 a fine memorial hall to the fallen soldiers of 

 the civil war. 



Topeka, a city, capital of Kansas and of Shaw- 

 nee County, on both sides, mostly the south 

 side, of Kaw or Kansas river, 65 miles west of 

 Kansas City, 45 miles southwest of Leaven- 

 worth, and 300 miles west of St. Louis. The 

 population in 1875 was 7,272; in 1880 it was 

 15,452; in 1886, including the suburbs, it was 

 32,106. It is on 4 railroads, 2 of which were 

 completed in 1886. There are about 7 miles of 

 horse-railway, and a company is organized to 

 build and operate a cable-road on the principal 

 streets. The city has 23 church-buildings ; 4 



