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CITIES, AMERICAN. (TROY, UTICA, WATERTOWN.) 



daily, and 22 weekly, monthly, and quarterly 

 publications, and a free library of over 6,000 

 volumes. The State Art Association is located 

 here. Besides public and parochial schools, 

 Topeka has business colleges, Bethany College 

 for girls, and Washburn College for both sexes. 

 The State Reform School is here also. The 

 Government has built a post-office and court- 

 house, and the central portion of the State- 

 House, of which one wing was finished in 1867 

 and the other in 1882, is now in process of 

 erection. The shops of the Atchison, Topeka, 

 and Santa Fe Railroad Company, where loco- 

 motives, cars, and all kinds of railroad ma- 

 chinery and tools are made, are here. There are 

 also five large flouring-mills, several foundries, 

 planing-mills, and factories for making agri- 

 cultural implements and sash and doors, and 

 other smaller manufacturing establishments. 



Troy, a city, capital of Rensselaer County, N. 

 Y., on the east bank of Hudson river, at the 

 head of steamboat navigation and of tide- water, 

 151 miles by the river north of New York city, 

 and 6 miles north of Albany ; latitude 42 44' 

 north, longitude 73 41' west. The population 

 in 1870 was 46,465 ; in 1880, 56,747. It is en- 

 tered by 4 railroads. The iron industries of 

 Troy are very important. In 1880 there were 

 36 iron and steel working establishments and 

 machine-shops. Two new blast-furnaces are 

 now in process of erection, and the Bessemer 

 Steel-Works have been enlarged and remodeled. 

 Horseshoes are made to an extent unequaled 

 elsewhere. The Troy Car-Works are at Green 

 Island, on the opposite side of the river. The 

 annual product of the shirt and collar business 

 is now valued at $10,000,000; che pay-rolls of 

 some establishments amount to $1,000 a day 

 each. The largest manufactory of mathemat- 

 ical instruments in the country is here, and 

 one of the largest globe manufactories. The 

 following table gives the statistics of some of 

 the principal industries for 1880 : 



The entire amount of capital invested in 

 manufacturing was $13,418,853; the number 

 employed, 22,434 ; and the total value of prod- 

 ucts, $26,497,163. 



I'tica, a city, and one of the capitals of Oneida 

 County, N. Y.. on the south bank of Mohawk 

 river, 96 miles by rail west-northwest of Al- 

 bany ; latitude 43 5' north, longitude 75 13' 

 west. The population in 1870 was 28,804; 



in 1880, 33,914; by local enumeration in 1885, 

 39,529. It is on the Erie Canal and New York 

 Central and West Shore Railroads, and has 

 communication northward and southward by 

 other railroads. There are many newspapers, 

 three of which are daily, and 34 public schools ; 

 the attendance in all schools averaged 3,727 in 

 1880. The city has a large trade in the prod- 

 ucts of the surrounding country, Oneida 

 county standing third in the Union in 1880 in 

 the value of its farm-products. Utica is the 

 buying and shipping point for a large dairy 

 country in which there are many cheese-fac- 

 tories. Hops also are largely grown. Follow- 

 ing are statistics of some of the principal 

 manufacturing industries for 1880: 



The whole amount of capital invested in 

 manufacturing was $5,905,635 ; the number em- 

 ployed, 6,710 ; the total value of products, $8,- 

 873,306. 



Watertown, a city, capital of Jefferson Coun- 

 ty, N. Y., on both sides of Black river, 7 

 miles above its mouth on Lake Ontario, 145 

 miles northwest of Albany; latitude 43 58' 

 north, longitude 75 54' west. The popula- 

 tion in 1870 was 9,336; in 1880, 10,697; in 

 1885, 12,219. There are 12 churches, 9 graded 

 schools, with nearly 2,000 pupils, one daily 

 and four weekly newspapers. Watertown has 

 a large post-office business for a city of its size 

 $25,000 a year; it is said to be the smallest 

 city having a postal -carrier system. A new 

 State Armory and a new County Clerk's Office 

 cost each $25,000. A fine opera-house has 

 recently been built and the '" Henry Keep 

 Home" for aged people, the gift of private 

 charity; it has accommodations for 65 inmates 

 and a farm of 35 acres ; the building cost $26,- 

 000. A two-mile boulevard leadingto the ceme- 

 tery has been completed, at a cost of $10,000. 

 Watertown is the center of a rich agricultu- 

 ral region, the dairy interest predominating. 

 Transportation facilities are afforded by two 

 railroads and branches. The manufactures are 

 aided by the water-power afforded by the 

 river, which has a fall of 112 feet within the 

 city. Fully one third of the population are 

 supported by these industries. Among the 

 leading ones are the manufacture of sew- 

 ing-machines, paper, wagons and buggies, 

 steam-engines, Hitchcock lamps, vacuum- 

 brakes, thermometers, saddlery, foundry and 

 machine-shop products. About 25 tons of 

 paper are made in a day. Pulp is made from 

 spruce, to be used in the manufacture of pa- 

 per. About 7,000 wagons are made in a year, 

 35,000 sewing-machines, and 50,000 expensive 



