284 



DENMARK. 



deaths. The emigration, which is chiefly to 

 the United States, was 6,807 in 1884, against 

 8,375 in 1883, and 11,614 in 1882. 



Finances. The revenue for the financial year 

 1885-'86 was estimated as follows: 



Kroner. 

 1,100.596 

 5,450,617 

 9,882.200 



SOURCES OF REVENUE. 



Domains 



Interest on reserve fund, etc 



Direct taxes 



Stamp duties 



Succession and conveyance dues 



Legal fees 2,018,000 



Customs and excise 27.968,000 



Lottery SM.i >i 11 



Other receipts 3,466,786 



Total receipts 54.575,259 



The estimated expenditures for 1885-^86 un- 

 der the various heads are as follow : 



BRANCHES OF EXPENDITURE. Kroner. 



Civil list and appanages 1,223.744 



Ki ir sdag i and Council of State 306,616 



Service of the debt 8,143,600 



Pensions 3,507,206 



Foreign Affairs 380,456 



Interior 2,373,610 



Justice 3,060,973 



Public Works and Education 1.663,972 



Army 9,190,C52 



Navy 6.0;Hi.H;if, 



Finance 3,195.274 



Iceland 98,832 



Extraordinary state expenditure 6,928,759 



Extraordinary expenditures on public works, etc. . 6,623,962 



Total 52,787,451 



The Government maintains a reserve fund 

 for sudden emergencies. The public debt 

 amounted to 200,855,227 kroner in 1883. 

 About half of this sum is represented by rail- 

 roads and other capital investments. 



The Army and Navy. All able-bodied Danes 

 from the age of twenty-two are liable to serve 

 eight years in the active army and its reserve, 

 and are liable to service in the case of emer- 

 gency for eight years more in the extra re- 

 serve. The training period is from four to 

 nine months in the various arms, with a sec- 

 ond period for the less intelligent and pro- 

 ficient lasting from nine to twelve months. 

 The annual encampments last from thirty to 

 forty-five days. The war strength of the regu- 

 lar army and reserve was in 1884 as follows : 

 Infantry, 26,992; cavalry, 2,180; artillery, 

 4,755 ; engineers, 1,368 ; making a total num- 

 ber of 35,293 men, not including the 1,176 

 officers. The extra reserve numbers about 14,- 

 000 of all ranks. 



The navy consisted in the beginning of 1886 

 of eight armored steamers and 26 others, most- 

 ly small, besides 10 torpedo-boats. The u Hel- 

 goland " has 12-inch plates, and carries one 36- 

 ton and four 22-ton guns. The " Tordenskjold " 

 torpedo-vessel has no side-armor, but is divided 

 into water-tight compartments, and carries a 

 50-ton gun in an armor-protected barbette. 

 Besides this 14-inch Krupp breach-loader she 

 has four of 6-inch caliber, and carries two swift 

 torpedo-launches and appliances for shooting 

 Whitehead torpedoes. 



Commerce. The total value of the imports in 

 1883 was 288,514,845 kroner; of the exports, 

 199,862,572 kroner. The imports of cotton, 



linen, silk, wool, hides, and dyes amounted to 

 51,854,264 kroner, the exports to 17,063,911 

 kroner; imports of cereals, including meal 

 and malt, to 35,528,046, exports to 30,735,911 

 kroner ; imports of tea, sugar, coffee, tobacco, 

 etc , to 33,483,389, exports to 7,654,841 kro- 

 ner; imports of metals and metal- wares to 

 31,030,250, exports to 7,006,814 kroner; im- 

 ports of wood to 16,393,826, exports to 5,285,- 

 596 kroner; imports of fish, butter, cheese, 

 eggs, and bacon to 16,360,245, exports to 

 50,114,706 kroner ; imports of coal to 14,890,- 

 701, exports to 1,590,799 kroner; imports of 

 seeds, hops, potatoes, and oil-cake to 13,031,- 

 13B, exports to 1,136,616 kroner; imports of 

 live animals to 7,415,343, exports to 84,893,585 

 kroner; imports of liquors to 5,664,986, ex- 

 ports to 2,565,326 kroner. Of the imports 

 Germany furnished 35*5 per cent., Great 

 Britain 22 '7 per cent, Sweden 14*4 per cent., 

 and the United States 6*7 per cent. Of the 

 exports, 41 ! per cent, went to Great Britain, 

 29 - 7 per cent, to Germany, 15'1 per cent, to 

 Sweden, and 5*7 per cent, to Norway, while 

 the United States took 1'3 per cent. The 

 most important articles of export are butter 

 and live, cattle. In 1881 there were 1,470,07!) 

 cattle in the country. The exports of cattle 

 in 1883 were 137,032*, the imports 21,560 head. 



Navigation. In 1884, 25,454 vessels, of 3,033,- 

 753 tons, were entered, and 24,485, of 3,052,- 

 865 tons, cleared at Danish ports. The ton- 

 nage under the Danish flag was 1,616,710; 

 cleared, 1,657,827. The number of Danish 

 vessels engaged in foreign commerce on July 

 1, 1884, was 1,318, with a total tonnage of 

 264,406 ; the number of steamers among these 

 was 160. 



Railroads. The length of railroad in opera- 

 tion in 1855 was 1,150 miles, of which 948 

 miles belonged to the state. 



Telegraphs. The length of state telegraph 

 lines at the end of 1883 was 2,3HO miles; the 

 length of wires, 6,532 miles. The number of 

 messages in 1883 was 1,297,434, of which 

 548,210 were internal, 423,210 international, 

 25,263 official, and 300,761 in transit. 



The Post-Office. The number of letters and 

 postal-cards carried in 1883 was 30,020,000; 

 the number of newspapers, 33,091,000. 



The Colonies. Iceland, with an area of 39,756 

 square miles, and 72,445 inhabitants, has its 

 own parliamentary system, established by the 

 Constitution of 1874. The legislative body is 

 the Althing, with 36 members, of whom 30 

 are elected by the people and the rest nomi- 

 nated by the King. The Minister for Iceland, 

 nominated by the King and responsible to the 

 Althing, directs the administration from Co- 

 penhagen through the Governor, called the 

 Stiftamtmand, residing in Reikjavik. 



The Icelanders in 1885 distinctly presented 

 the national demand to be emancipated from 

 the bureaucratic rule of Copenhagen. The 

 Althing passed the draft of a new charter, 

 abolishing the Danish Minister for Iceland, and 



