FRANCE. 



355 



lations with Oilmen ceau. Goblet sympathized 

 with the Radicals in their hostility to the Op- 

 portunists, and in favoring the separation of 

 church and state. Baihaut, Sadi-Carnot, De- 

 m61e, and Develle, were Moderate Liberals, 

 affiliated with the party of Gambetta and Ferry. 

 On January 21 Rochefort's motion in favor of 

 an amnesty of the broadest character was car- 

 ried against the Government, with the help of 

 the Right, by three votes. The Radicals sub- 

 sequently repented of their bargain with the 

 Reactionaries, and struck out from the bill the 

 paragraphs that gained the support of the lat- 

 ter, extending the amnesty to persons con- 

 demned for offenses against the election laws 

 and the participants in the last revolt in Alge- 

 ria, in consequence of which the bill itself was 

 defeated on February 6 by a vote of 347 to 116. 

 On February 8 the Senate passed the clause in 

 the new school law forbidding the employment 

 of members of religious orders as teachers in 

 the state schools. This much-debated measure, 

 which must be carried into full effect before the 

 end of five years, deprives ten thousand monks 

 and nuns of employment. A motion in favor 

 of exempting from military service the teachers 

 in the clerical free schools, or private schools, 

 as the law requires that they shall be desig- 

 nated, in the same manner as teachers in the 

 state schools, was rejected on March 1. On 

 February 8 Michelin's proposition for an in- 

 vestigation of the cause of the Tonquin com- 

 plication, involving the impeachment of Ferry, 

 was lost in the Chamber. M. de Freycinet par- 

 ried this attack by showing that the expedition 

 resulted from the action of the Broglie minis- 

 try, and that all subsequent Chambers had ap- 

 proved the acts of the Government. On Feb- 

 ruary 11 the Extreme Left brought forward the 

 labor question in connection with the Decaze- 

 ville riots and the murder of Watrin. The So- 

 cialist Basly defended the murder from the 

 tribune, and demanded that the Government 

 should let the persons arrested go unpunished, 

 and compel the company owning the mines to 

 grant the demands of the laborers. As many 

 as 188 deputies voted in favor of the resolution. 

 On February 9 the Chamber voted to take up 

 two bills that had been rejected by the com- 

 mittee, one for taxing foreign workingmen, 

 and the other excluding them from employ- 

 ment on public works. The Camelinat reso- 

 lution, declaring the charter of the Decazeville 

 company to have been forfeited by its having 

 ceased operations in consequence of the strike, 

 met with the approval of the Minister of Pub- 

 lic Works, but he was unable to win over his 

 colleagues to this view. The resolution was 

 lost on March 18 by a vote of 266 to 39. After 

 two days of discussion the Government and 

 the Chamber agreed on an order of the day 

 expressing confidence that the Government in 

 legislation on the subject of mines would in- 

 troduce amelioration? in which it would have 

 regard to the protection of the interests of the 

 laborers as well as of the rights of the state. 



The Expulsion of the Prinees. The next diffi- 

 culty, after the dangers of the amnesty resolu- 

 tion and the Tonquin enquete had "been averted, 

 was prepared for the Government by the Fer- 

 ry group, who brought forward a bill for the 

 banishment of all members of houses that had 

 formerly reigned in France. The immediate 

 occasion for the proposal was the expression 

 of a royalist deputy, who uttered from the 

 tribune the hope that France would soon be 

 delivered from the republic. The marriages 

 of Orleanist princesses with members of Euro- 

 pean reigning houses, the surprising results of 

 the last elections, the increasing activity of the 

 clerical partisans of the dynastic pretenders, 

 the fact that the Count of Paris had recently 

 set up a kind of court, and the rumor that a 

 revolutionary government had already been 

 organized in secret, and that whole bodies of 

 troops had been won over by the Orleanists, 

 all combined to awaken suspicion and disquiet 

 among the Republicans. The Prime Minister 

 opposed the proposition in the committee, 

 declaring that the Government possessed the 

 means to guard the state against conspira- 

 cies. The committee recommended, instead 

 of Duche's proposal for the unconditional ex- 

 patriation of the princes, that the Government 

 be intrusted with discretionary power to expel 

 them. The bill was lost on March 4 by the 

 votes of 179 Monarchists and 151 Republicans 

 against it, while 193 Republicans voted in its 

 favor and in opposition to the Government. 

 The ministry received after this result a re- 

 assuring vote of confidence in the form of a 

 favorable order of the day voted by 347" Re- 

 publicans. 



The marriage at Lisbon of the daughter of 

 the Count of Paris to the Crown-Prince of 

 Portugal, which was made the occasion of a 

 royalist demonstration, left no doubt that the 

 present head of the Bourbons had assumed the 

 part of a pretender. In the presence of the 

 foreign ministers, who were invited to the cer- 

 emony, the connection of the royal house with 

 France was indicated in various symbolical 

 ways, such as the grouping of the bridal gifts 

 according to provinces, and the hopes of a 

 restoration were openly expressed. This festal 

 demonstration convinced the ministers and the 

 reluctant Republican senators of the expedi- 

 ency of ridding France of the dangerous pres- 

 ence of the Orleans pretender. The bill passed 

 the Senate on June 22 by a vote of 141 to 107. 

 The Count of Paris awaited the notice at his 

 castle of Eu, where crowds of Orleanists, among 

 whom were 150 deputies and senators, assem- 

 bled to manifest their indignation and pay hom- 

 age to the future King. He departed after the 

 decree of expulsion, at first for Tunbridge Wells, 

 in England, and subsequently went to Lisbon. 

 The exile of the prince as a consequence of the 

 royal marriage was an incongruous act from 

 the fact that the French minister at Lisbon, 

 who attended the feast, felicitated the King of 

 Portugal on the family union. The marriage 



