356 



FRANCE. 



of his daughter had been notified by the Count 

 of Paris not only to the sovereigns of Europe, 

 whom he addressed, according to the formu- 

 lary used by regnant princes, as his cousins, 

 but also, after the old custom of French kings, 

 to the dukes and peers of France. 



The following manifesto was published by 

 Philip, Count of Paris, on June 24, the day on 

 which he left Chateau d'Eu : 



Compelled to quit the soil of my native country, 1 

 protest in the name of right against the violence that 

 is used toward me. Passionately attached to my coun- 

 try, whose misfortunes have rendered^ still more dear 

 to me, I have lived there until now without infringing 

 the laws. In order to drag me from it the moment has 

 been chosen when I had just returned to it rejoicing 

 in having formed a new bond between France and a 

 friendly nation. 



In proscribing me, revenge is taken on the three 

 and a half million votes which on the 4th of October 

 condemned the faults of the republic, and it is sought 

 to intimidate those who are daily detaching themselves 

 from it. I am made the object of attack against the 

 monarchical principle, the charge of which has been 

 transmitted to me by those who had so nobly preserved 

 it. It is sought to separate from France the head of 

 the glorious family that has directed it during nine 

 centuries in the work of national unity, which, as- 

 sociated with the people in good and bad fortune, 

 has formed its greatness and its prosperity. It is 

 hoped that the nation has forgotten the happy and 

 pacific reign of my grandfather, Louis Philippe, and 

 the more recent days when my brother and my uncle, 

 after having fought under its nag, served in the ranks 

 of its valiant army. 



Those expectations will be deceived. Taught by 

 experience, France will not be mistaken, either as to 

 the cause or as to the authors of the evils under which 

 she suffers. She wil^ recognize that the monarchy, 

 traditional in its principle and modern in its institu- 

 tions, can alone supply a remedy for them. 



It is only this traditional monarchy, of which I am 

 the representative, that can reduce to impotence those 

 men of disorder who menace the peace of the country, 

 can insure political and religious liberty, revive au- 

 thority, and restore the public fortunes. It only can 

 give to our democratic society a strong government, 

 one open to all, superior to parties, one whose stabil- 

 ity will be for Europe a pledge of enduring peace. 



My duty is to labor incessantly at this work of sal- 

 vation. With the help of God and of all those who 

 share my faith in the future I shall accomplish it. 

 The republic is afraid. In striking at me, it gives 

 me prominence. I have confidence in Fiance. At 

 the decisive hour, I shall be ready. 



Prince Napoleon left the same day for Ge- 

 neva, while his son and rival, after making a 

 speech to ten thousand sympathizing Bona- 

 partists, took the train for Brussels. 



The Due d'Aumale was not included in the 

 act of expulsion, but, in accordance with a 

 clause disqualifying princes of former dynas- 

 ties for posts in the service of the republic, 

 his commission in the army was canceled. 

 He thereupon wrote a letter to President 

 GreVy, denying that his powers extended to 

 the army, and issued an appeal to the officers 

 to support him in this contention. Gen. Bou- 

 langer, in answer to the argument that officers 

 could only be cashiered by court-martial, said 

 that the principle was a good one, but could 

 not apply to Orleans princes who, under spe- 

 cial laws in the reign of Louis Philippe, were 



made colonels at seventeen, and generals of 

 division before they were thirty. The Due 

 d'Aumale said that this sarcasm, which was 

 uttered in the Senate, came with ill grace 

 from an officer who had been indebted to 

 him for his own advancement. The minister 

 denied that he had been indebted to the 

 prince, yet he could not disclaim his letters, 

 which appeared in royalist newspapers, ex- 

 pressing gratitude for the Due d'Aumale's pat- 

 ronage. In consequence of the angry letter of 

 the irascible old prince, who contemptuously 

 informed the President that he was still Gen- 

 eral Henri d'Orleans, he was himself expelled 

 by special decree, on the ground that he re- 

 fused to respect the laws of the republic. The 

 Due de Chartres took the same ground, but 

 contented himself with an appeal to the Coun- 

 cil of State. In October the Due d'Aumale 

 made a gift of his castle and estate at Chan- 

 tilly to the French Institute, for the establish- 

 ment of a museum, reserving to himself dur- 

 ing life the usufruct of the property, reckoned 

 at 500,000 francs per annum. The gift was ac- 

 cepted, and approved by the Council of State. 

 The collections of works of art and the furni- 

 ture were estimated by the official valuers to 

 be worth 8,344,000 francs. 



On June 11 the Chamber voted the law of 

 expulsion as agreed upon between the Prime 

 Minister and the deputy Brousse. Against the 

 unconditional expulsion of all the princes, 136 

 Eepublicans voted with the Government, and 

 with the 178 votes of the Right defeated the 

 proposal, which was supported by 220 Radi- 

 cal votes. The compromise measure was car- 

 ried by 310 against 233 votes. It provides 

 (1), for the expulsion of the pretenders and 

 their next heirs ; (2), for the expulsion of 

 other princes by decree at the discretion of 

 the Government ; (3), for the punishment of 

 the return to France of any of the exiled pre- 

 tenders with imprisonment for from two to 

 five years ; (4), that the tolerated princes must 

 abstain from all political action. 



The republic has been represented in the 

 principal Continental courts, hitherto, by dip- 

 lomats of former regimes, members of the 

 French nobility, who, though not active par- 

 tisans of the dynastic pretenders, were not re- 

 publicans. Several of these men resigned on 

 account of the banishment of the princes, and 

 the Freycinet ministry was compelled to un- 

 dertake the difficult task of filling the posts at 

 Vienna, Berlin, and other capitals, with the 

 one at St. Petersburg, which had long been 

 vacant, with men of republican antecedents 

 and diplomatic capabilities, who would be ac- 

 ceptable to those monarchical governments. 



General Boulanger. The greatest political suc- 

 cess of the year was achieved by the Minister 

 of War, by his energy and activity, and with 

 the support of the Radicals. The Radical 

 three-year recruitment .bill, which was de- 

 signed to establish real universal military 

 service, and do away with the volunteer sys- 



