GEOGRAPHICAL PROGRESS AND DISCOVERY. 



371 



route along the Lujende, following it from its 

 source to its junction with the Rovuma, and 

 thence to its mouth. He confirms the view of 

 Consul O'Neill, that the Lujende is not an out- 

 let of Lake Kilwa (Schirwa), but of Lakes 

 Chiuta and Amaramba, which are separated 

 from Lake Kilwa by a low ridge. Mr. Last, 

 who was sent out by the London Geographical 

 Society, designed to make a thorough investi- 

 gation, believing that there is some connection 

 between the Lujende and that lake. The na- 

 tives have uniformly asserted that such a con- 

 nection is indicated by the rising of the lake in 

 the rainy season. 



According to the treaty of Dec. 17, 1885, 

 ending the long dispute between France and 

 Madagascar, France gains the right to occupy 

 the Bay of Diego Suarez at the northern point 

 of the island. The bay forms a large and safe 

 harbor, and is therefore of consequence from 

 a military point of view. The land, according 

 to Dr. Keller, a Swiss traveler, is poor, barren, 

 and almost destitute of water. 



The French protectorate has been extended, 

 according to a treaty of April 24, 1886, over 

 the whole group of the Comoro Islands, ex- 

 cepting, of course, the island Mayotta, which 

 has been a French colony since 1845. 



In the death of Soleillet, which occurred at 

 Aden September 10, the French interest in 

 Africa has met with a serious loss. It was his 

 aim for a long time to open a direct commercial 

 route from Senegal to Algiers, and to make 

 the upper Niger region accessible. In 1881 he 

 transferred his efforts to the East, where he 

 met with better success. The founding of the 

 colony of Obock was due to him. 



The Portuguese expedition into Lunda under 

 Major H. de Carvalho, arrived in January at 

 the Tschikapa, crossing it at 7 17' south lati- 

 tude. The route seems not to have differed 

 greatly from that taken by Buchner on his re- 

 turn. Since the death of the last Muatiamvo, 

 complete anarchy reigns in Lunda. It was 

 feared that the kingdom would fall into many 

 small territories. 



The claims of Portugal to African territory 

 are set forth in a "Map of Meridional Portu- 

 guese Africa," recently published in Lisbon. 

 It represents Portuguese Africa as extending 

 from ocean to ocean. Of the Congo basin it 

 includes only the left side of the Kuango, but 

 takes in the whole basin of the Zambesi, ex- 

 cepting that part of the Nyassa territory ex- 

 tending northward from 11 30' south latitude. 

 It includes the whole Matabele country, though 

 no Portuguese traveler has as yet explored it. 

 On the other hand, the territory claimed in 

 the north is smaller than that usually laid 

 down by the Portuguese as their possession. 



France and Portugal concluded a treaty on 

 the 15th of May, settling the boundaries of 

 their possessions in Guinea and the region 

 north of the Congo. Portuguese Guinea is 

 bounded as follows: The line beginning at 

 Lake Roxo passes midway between the rivers 



Cazamance and San Domingo de Cacheu to the 

 intersection of 15 10' longitude west from 

 Greenwich, and 12 40' north latitude, then 

 follows this parallel to 13 40' west from Green- 

 wich. That meridian forms the eastern bound- 

 ary as far as 1 1 40' north latitude. The south- 

 ern boundary starts from the mouth of the Rio 

 Cajet, between the Portuguese island Catak 

 and the French island Tristao, passes midway 

 between the rivers Componi (Tabati) in the 

 south and Cassini in the north, then between 

 the northern tributary of the Componi and the 

 southern of the Cassini, and to the intersection 

 of 13 40' west longitude from Greenwich and 

 11 40' north latitude. Portugal receives all 

 the islands between the longitude of Cape Roxo, 

 the coast, and a line passing from the mouth 

 of the Rio Cajet through the Passe- des-Pilotes 

 toward the southwest as far as 10 40' north 

 latitude, and on this parallel to the meridian 

 of Cape Roxo. According to this arrange- 

 ment, Portugal leaves to France the possession 

 of Ziguinchor, on the Cazamance, while France 

 gives up its claim to Bissasma and the banks of 

 the Cassini. Portugal also acknowledges the 

 French protectorate over Futa Djallon, while 

 France pledges itself not to interfere with the 

 rights granted the Portuguese by the Altna- 

 mys. The Portuguese colony of Cabinda, 

 north of the Congo, is extended considerably 

 toward the north. The northern boundary 

 begins at the junction of the Loema, or Luisa 

 Loango, and the Lubinda, passes midway be- 

 tween the two rivers, then from the most 

 northerly source of the river Luali, a southern 

 tributary of the Loema, follows the water-shed 

 between the valleys of the Loema and the Chi- 

 loango up to 12 50' longitude east from Green- 

 wich, then follows that meridian to the Chilo- 

 ango, whose course as far as the mouth of the 

 Luculla forms the boundary of the Congo Free 

 State. 



The long unsettled question as to the iden- 

 tity of the Mobangi and the Welle is not yet 

 answered beyond a doubt, but most of the ex- 

 plorers of the region agree in regarding the 

 two as one and the same river. It was for- 

 merly supposed that the Welle, which rises in 

 the Blue mountains and takes a westerly 

 course, was the upper part of the Shari, which 

 flows into Lake Tchad. Dr. Junker, who seven 

 years ago began the exploration of the western 

 tributaries of the Nile and the water- shed be- 

 tween the Nile and the Welle, found the latter 

 tending toward the Congo. He also found the 

 stream at the lowest point he reached larger 

 than the Shari at its mouth. The Mobangi 

 was explored by Messrs. Grenfell and Sims up- 

 ward from its mouth to a point about 150 miles 

 from the lowest point reached by Dr. Junker. 

 The intervening stretch has not been explored; 

 but it is the general opinion that the Welle 

 and the Mobangi are one. Dr. Oscar Linz has 

 had in view an expedition for the exploration 

 of the Welle, but has been prevented from car- 

 rying it out. He has, however, gone up the 



