GEORGIA. 



383 



Kh is the Oriental guttural, as in khan. 



Grh is another guttural, as in the Turkish dagh, ghazi. 



L. M) and .ZVare as in English. 



JVtfhas two separate sounds, the one hard, as in the 

 English word finger, the other as in singer. As 

 these two sounds are rarely employed in the same 

 locality, no attempt is made to distinguish between 

 them. 



Pis as in English. 



Q should never be employed. Qu is given as lew, as 

 kwangtung. 



R. S, T, F, IF, and JT, are as in English. 



Y is always a consonant, as in yard, and therefore 

 should never be used as a terminal, but instead of 

 it i or e. Thus we should write, not mikinddny, 

 but mikindani ; not kwaly^ but kwale. 



Zis as the English z. 

 Accents should not generally be used ; but where 



there is a very decided emphatic syllable or stress 



which affects the sound of the word, it should be 



marked by an acute accent. 



GEORGIA. State Government, The following 

 were the State officers during the year: Gov- 

 ernor, Henry D. McDaniel, succeeded by John B. 

 Gordon, Democrats ; Secretary of State, K 0. 

 Barnett ; Treasurer, R. U. Hardeman ; Comp- 

 troller, William A. Wright ; Attorney-General, 

 Clifford Anderson ; State School Commissioner, 

 G. J. Orr ; Commissioner of Agriculture, John 

 T. Henderson ; Railroad Commissioners, Alex- 

 ander Irwin, C. Wallace, and L. N. Tramraell. 

 Supreme Court: Chief -Justice, James Jack- 

 son; Associate Justices, Martin J. Crawford 

 and M. Blanford. 



Finances. The Treasurer presents the follow- 

 ing exhibit of the finances of the State : Bal- 

 ance Oct. 1, 1885, $484,190.73. Receipts for 

 the year ending Sept 30, 1886, $4,220,130.33; 

 disbursements during same period, $4,453,393.- 

 10, leaving balance, Oct. 1, 1886, $250,927.96. 



The provision made in the act, approved 

 Dec. 23, 1884, for the payment of $3,455,135 

 of principal of the public debt maturing in the 

 years 1885 and 1886, has been carried into 

 effect in a manner that has materially improved 

 the credit of the State and largely reduced an- 

 nual interest. The original contract provided 

 for the delivery of $3,042,000 of the issue, on 

 May 1, 1886, interest to begin at that time. 

 It also permitted the purchasers to demand an 

 earlier delivery of any part of this amount, on 

 tender of maturing bonds as cash at their par 

 value, and payment of the premium, the State 

 paying the difference in interest between the 

 new and old bonds at maturity of the latter. 

 Up to Oct. 1, 1886, date of the Treasurer's re- 

 port, all of the matured bonds aforesaid had 

 been presented and paid, except the amount of 

 $318,120, since which time a large portion of 

 this amount has been paid. 



" The time has arrived," says the Governor, 

 in his message to the Legislature, u for carrying 

 into effect paragraph 1, section 14, Article VII, 

 of the Constitution, which provides that after 

 payment of the 8-per-cent. bonds issued under 

 the act of Feb. 19, 1873, the sum of $100,000 

 shall be raised by taxation each year in addition 

 to the sum required to pay the public expenses 

 and interest on public debt, to be neld as a 



sinking-fund to pay off and retire the bonds of 

 the State not yet matured, and for no other 

 purpose whatever." 



The entire cost of collection of taxes, and 

 loss from failure to collect, amount to a frac- 

 tion over 6 per cent, of the levy. The Gov- 

 ernor recommends the creation of a system of 

 savings-banks. 



Penitentiary. The number of convict3 on 

 Oct. 20, 1884, was 1,368; received from jails 

 since, 777, making a total of 2,145. Of this 

 number 493 have been discharged, 57 have es- 

 caped, and 68 died; total 618, leaving on the 

 rolls of the Penitentiary, Oct. 1, 1886, 1,527. 

 This makes an increase in the number of con- 

 victs during the past two years of 159 ; but 

 this increase all occurred previous to July 1, 

 1885, as the rolls on that date contained 1,533 

 a larger number by six than were in the 

 Penitentiary Oct. 1, 1886. "It appears," says 

 the Governor, " that nearly the entire number 

 of convicts are now engaged in mining coal, 

 making coke, building railroads, and making 

 brick. Experience has demonstrated that con- 

 victs can not always be profitably employed 

 at farming, and it "is fortunate that the re- 

 vival of other industries, especially railroad- 

 building, has furnished other employment for 

 them." 



Lunatic Asylnm. The report of the trustees 

 and officers of the Lunatic Asylum shows 

 that on Oct. 1, 1885, there were in the insti- 

 tution 1,237 patients. Of these, 892 were 

 white and 345 colored. There have been re- 

 ceived during the year ending Oct. 1, 1886, 

 274 white and 117 colored, making a total of 

 391. Discharged, removed, returned to coun- 

 ties, and died during the year, white and col- 

 ored, 390 leaving in the asylum Oct. 1, 1886, 

 1,238. The average number in treatment dur- 

 ing the year was 1,237 ; whole number receiv- 

 ing treatment, 1,628. Daily cost of each pa- 

 tient, 33| cents. 



The completion of extensive improvements 

 and additions to the buildings, together with 

 the return to the counties and relatives of a 

 large number of harmless imbeciles (as pro- 

 vided by act of Feb. 28, 1884), has to a large 

 degree relieved the crowded condition of the 

 asylum. 



Academy for the Blind. The report of the 

 Academy for the Blind shows an attendance 

 on Sept. 30, 1885, of 82, of whom 71 were 

 white and 11 colored. Received since, 19 

 white and 1 colored. Discharged during the 

 year 11. On the roll, Oct. 29, 1886, 91 a 

 larger number of pupils to be provided for than 

 at any time in the history of the academy. 



Deaf and Dnmb. Ninety-one pupils were 

 maintained and instructed during the past year. 

 Of these, 34 were white males, 27 were white 

 females a total of 61 whites; and 19 were 

 colored males and 11 colored females, making 

 30 colored. The entire expenditure for main- 

 tenance and instruction was $16,286.92. The 

 school - building, for the erection of which 



