GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



395 



of Glasgow with its suburbs in 1881 was 674,- 

 095 ; of Edinburgh, 236,002 ; that of Dublin, 

 349,648 with, and 249,602 without, its sub- 

 urbs; of Belfast, 208,122. 



The number of immigrants into the United 

 Kingdom in 1885 was 113,549. The total emi- 

 gration in 1885 was 264,385, including 53,783 

 foreigners, and 2,958 of unknown origin. Of 

 the 126,260 English who emigrated, 73,789 

 went to the United States, 14,817 to British 

 North America, 28,380 to the Australasian colo- 

 nies, and 9,274 to other countries; of 21,367 

 Scotcb, 13,241 to the United States, 2,345 to 

 Canada, 4,731 to Australia and New Zealand, 

 and 1,050 to other countries; of 60,017 Irish, 

 50,657 to the United States, 2,676 to Canada, 

 6,284 to Australia, and 400 to other countries. 



It is estimated that in 1883 the population in 

 England and Wales claiming membership with 

 the Established Church was about 13,500,000, 

 and that belonging to the various Dissenting 

 societies 12,500,000. The number of Roman 

 Catholics is estimated at 2,000,000. The 

 Church of Scotland had, in 1884, 555,622 mem- 

 bers. The Free Church had about 945,000 ad- 

 herents, and the United Presbyterian Church 

 179,891. The Episcopal Church of Scotland 

 had 76,939 adherents.' The number of Jews 

 in Great Britain was estimated in 1883 at 

 70,000, of whom 40,000 reside in the metrop- 

 olis. The population of Ireland is Roman 

 Catholic with the exception of 620,000 persons 

 belonging to the Episcopal Church of Ireland, 

 470,734 Presbyterians, 48,839 Methodists, 

 0,210 Congregationalists, 4,879 Baptists, 3,645 

 Quakers, and 472 Jews. 



Education. In 1883 the percentage of per- 

 sons who signed with their mark in England 

 and Wales was 12'6 among males and 15'5 

 among females, as compared with 23 -8 and 

 33-1 per cent, in 1863. In Scotland the pro- 

 portion in 1882 was 6*8 per cent, of the men 

 and 13*1 per cent, of the women. In Ireland, 

 24*7 per cent, of the men and 28*1 percent, of 

 the women were unable to sign the marriage 

 register in 1884. The education act of 1870 

 declarer that school accommodation must be 

 provided in every district of England and 

 Wales, and that parents must give their chil- 

 dren the advantages of education, between the 

 ages of five and thirteen. A similar law was 

 enacted for Scotland. In 1884 there were 18,- 

 761 schools inspected and receiving Govern- 

 ment subsidies in England and Wales, with 

 82,447 teachers, and 3,273,124 children in 

 average attendance. The number of children 

 in attendance at schools in England and Wales 

 in 1886 was 4,630,000, or 16-67 per cent, of 

 the total population, as against 7 per cent, in 

 1869. The daily attendance was 62 per cent, 

 of the school population. The expenditure in 

 1885 included 757,000 of voluntary contribu- 

 tions, 1,141,000 from the rates, and 1,791, - 

 000 from school-pence collected from the par- 

 ents. The sum voted by Parliament was 3,- 

 422,989. The report of a commission to investi- 



gate over-pressure stated that the studies ex- 

 acted, for the sake of earning as large a Gov- 

 ernment grant as possible, are less severe than 

 in German schools, where children are kept 

 in school 32 hours a week with 32 subjects, 

 while in England they are 20 hours at school 

 with 7 subjects. The number of schools in 

 Scotland was 3,131 in 1884; the number of 

 teachers, 11,712 ; the average attendance, 448,- 

 242. The number of children of school age 

 in England and Wales in 1884 was 5,426,490; 

 in Scotland, 798,545. Of the schools in Eng- 

 land and Wales, 4,181 were directly under 

 school boards in 1884; 11,808 connected with 

 the National Society or the Church of Eng- 

 land ; 558 were Wesleyan, 828 Roman Catho- 

 lic, 1,497 British, undenominational, and other 

 schools. In Scot-and, 2,535 were public schools, 

 112 connected with the Church of Scotland, 

 150 with the Roman Catholic Church, and the 

 rest with other bodies or undenominational. 

 In Ireland, out of a total school population of 

 999,657, the number of children attending the 

 national schools in 1884 was 492,928. The 

 annual grants from the Treasury to primary 

 schools in England in 1884 was 3,016,167; 

 in Scotland, 475,413 ; in Ireland, 732,627. 

 In addition to the Government grants the 

 schools received an income from endowments, 

 school fees, local rates, and private subscrip- 

 tions, amounting in England to 3,605,763, in 

 Scotland to 529,618, and in Ireland to 193,- 

 092 in 1884. 



There are 69 colleges, known as university 

 colleges, in the United Kingdom, with 1,244 

 teachers on their staffs, and 26,236 students, 

 in 1885. The University of Oxford, compris- 

 ing 24 colleges, has 257 teachers and 3,082 

 students. Cambridge University, with 19 col- 

 leges, has 188 teachers, and 2,862 students. 

 Victoria University, comprising Owens Col- 

 lege, Manchester, and University College, Liv- 

 erpool, has 82 teachers and 1,211 students. 

 Durham University, with three colleges, in- 

 cluding the Newcastle College of Science and 

 Medical School, has 48 teachers and 617 stu- 

 dents. Leeds College has 43 teachers and 

 1,053 students, about one third of them even- 

 ing students. London University, which is 

 only an examining body, granting degrees to 

 those who pass the examinations, has a staff 

 of 57 professors and counts 1,246 students. 

 King's College, London, has 102 teachers and 

 2,081 students, including 1,457 evening stu- 

 dents. There are four university colleges for 

 ladies, viz. : Newnham College, Cambridge, with 

 30 teachers and 102 students; Girton College, 

 Cambridge, with 20 teachers and 82 students; 

 and Lady Margaret and Somerville Halls, Ox- 

 ford, having together 86 students in 1885. In 

 Scotland the University of Aberdeen had 30 

 teachers and 901 students ; Edinburgh Univer- 

 sity, 93 teachers and 3,423 students; Glasgow 

 University, 53 teachers and 2,261 students; 

 the University of St. Andrews, 15 teachers and 

 203 students. The University of Dublin had 



