396 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



57 teachers and 1,300 students; Queen's Col- 

 lege, Belfast, had 485 students ; Queen's Col- 

 lege, Cork, 272 ; and Queen's College, Galway, 

 100 students. The Catholic University of Ire- 

 land, comprising University College, Dublin, 

 and seven other colleges, grants degrees in 

 theology and philosophy, but students for other 

 degrees must pass the examinations of the 

 Royal University, which holds the same posi- 

 tion in Ireland that the London University 

 does in England, and in 1885 examined 2,885 

 candidates for degrees. 



Commerce. The total value of the imports of 

 merchandise in 1885 was 373,834,314; of the 

 exports, 270,934,932, comprising British prod- 

 uce of the value of 213,031,407, and foreign 

 produce of the value of 57,903,528. The im- 

 ports had declined in total value from 426,- 

 892,000 in 1883. In that year they were $58 

 per head of the population, and in 1885 $49.50. 

 The exports of British products were greatest 

 in 1882, amounting to 241,467,000, and aver- 

 aging $33 per capita, while in 1885 the average 

 was $28.50. The declared value of the imports 

 of precious metals in 1885 was 22,810,000, 

 made up of 13,376,000 of gold and 9,434,- 

 000 of silver; of the exports, 21,783,000, of 

 which gold constituted 11,931,000 and silver 

 9,852,000. The following table presents a 

 summary of the imports for the year ending 

 Dec. 31, 1885 : 



IMPORTS. Values. 



Live animals for food 8.735.392 



Articles of food and drink, duty-free 124,039,026 



Articles of food and drink, dutiable 25,066,653 



Tobacco 3,900,559 



Metals 16,287,049 



Chemicals, dyes, and tanning materials 8,797,536 



Oils 6,787,921 



Textile materials 78,649,118 



Sundry raw materials 38,608,577 



Manufactured articles 53,418,162 



Miscellaneous 14,344,321 



Total 373,834,314 



The exports of the various classes of British 

 products in 1885 were as follow : 



DOMESTIC EXPORTS. Values. 



Live animals 513,374 



Articles of food and drink 9.942,508 



Raw materials 13,367,307 



Yarns and textile fabrics 101,871,483 



Metals, raw and manufactured, except machin- 

 ery 31,726,696 



Machinery. 11,074.651 



Apparel, etc 10,343,513 



Chemicals and medicines 6,975,420 



All other manufactures 27,21 6,425 



Total 213,031,407 



The quantity of grain and flour imported 

 was 142,742,075 cvvts., as compared with 119,- 

 600,056 cwts. in 1884; of bacon and hams, 

 4,065,349 cwts., as compared with 3,418,431 

 cwts. ; of fish, 784,252 cwts., as compared with 

 1,336,422 cwts.; of beef, 1,142,786 cwts., as 

 compared with 1,090,739 cwts. ; of preserved 

 meat, 526,727 cwts., as compared with 450,990 

 cwts. ; the number of cattle, 373,115, as com- 

 pared with 425,507 ; the number of sheep and 

 lambs, 730,927, as compared with 945,042 ; the 

 quantity of butter and butterine, 2,400,575 



cwts., as compared with 2,475,436 ; the num- 

 ber of eggs, 835,130,600, as compared with 

 999,608,760; the quantity of refined sugar, 

 5,338,050 cwts., as compared with 4,263,873 

 cwts. ; of raw sugar, 19,383,746 cwts., as com- 

 pared with 19,622,679 cwts. The values of the 

 leading articles of import in 1885, compared 

 with the values imported during the year pre- 

 ceding, were, in thousands of pounds sterling, 

 as follow : 



52,749 

 86,044 

 14,410 

 18,447 



lr;.244 



16. -^7 



8,714 



8,780 



11.560 



10,717 



10.267 



8,647 



The value of the exports of cotton manufact- 

 ures in 1885 was 66,972,044; iron and steel, 

 21,717,136; woolen and worsted manufact- 

 ures, 23,229,842; coal, 10,632,134; linen 

 and jute manufactures, 8,124,019. 



The value of the imports from the United 

 States in 1885 was 86,479,000, against 86,- 

 279,000 in 1884; of the exports of domestic 

 products to the United States, 21,994,000, 

 against 24,427,000. The total imports from 

 the countries of North and South America, 

 not British colonies, in 1885 were 101,118,000 

 in value, and the exports of British products 

 to those countries 40,030,000. The imports 

 from British possessions in 1835 amounted to 

 84,402,000, India furnishing 31,882,000, as 

 compared with 34,448,000 in 1884 ; Australia 

 and New Zealand, 23,325,000, as compared 

 with 28,311,000; British North America, 

 10,347,000, as compared with 11,040,000. 

 The exports of domestic merchandise to Brit- 

 ish possessions amounted to 213,045,000, 

 29,289,000 going to India, as compared with 

 30,584,000 in 1884; 25,167,000 to Austral- 

 asia, as compared with 23,896,000; and 

 7,206,000 to British America, as compared 

 with 8,653,000. The imports from China in 

 1885 were 8,614,000 in value, and from Hong- 

 Kong 968,000. The exports of British prod- 

 uce to China were 5,187,000; to Hong-Kong, 

 3,758,000. France furnished 35,710,000 of 

 the total imports in 1885, and received 14,979,- 

 000 of the British exports; Germany sent 

 23,069,000 of imports, and took 16,416,000 

 of British products. The imports from the 

 Netherlands amounted to 25,010,000; from 

 Russia, 17,712,000; from Belgium, 15,070,- 

 000; from Sweden and Norway, 10,942,000; 

 from Spain, 9,465,000 ; from Egypt, 8,818,- 

 000; from Denmark, 4,830,000; from Tur- 

 key, 4,681,000. The exports of British prod- 

 uce to the Netherlands amounted to 8,878,- 

 000 ; to Belgium, 7,806,000 ; to Italy, 6,627,- 

 000; to Turkey, 6,133.000. The total imports 



