420 HANCOCK, WINFIELD SCOTT. 



HAWAII. 



voted for Hancock; Alabama, Arkansas, Cali- 

 fornia (5 votes), Delaware, Florida, Georgia, 

 Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, 

 Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, North Caro- 

 lina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vir- 

 ginia, and West Virginia. The result of the 

 election did not seem to disturb him, and he 

 kept on the even tenor of his way, only ap- 

 pearing when his presence was required to add 

 grace to some public pageant. His last nota- 

 ble appearance was at Gen. Grant's funeral, of 

 which he took full charge. Though the ap- 

 parent cause of his last illness was a carbuncle, 

 he really died from diabetes. He was buried 

 at Norristown, February 13. 



Gen. Hancock was a man of large stature and 

 fine proportions, a model of manly strength 

 and beauty in his prime. He was a clear and 

 independent thinker, and a good writer ; and, 

 though mere politicians always affect to sneer 

 at his political utterances, some of them will 

 probably survive and receive approval when 

 his critics are forgotten. No man was more 

 generally and sincerely loved. He was courte- 

 ous to all men, and faithful to his friends. His 

 family affections were peculiarly strong. The 

 pet names of his wife were the last words he 

 spoke. The death of his only daughter in 

 1875, and that of his only son at the close of 

 1880, were calamities that made him feel as if 

 all earthly honor were no more than " a peck 

 of refuse wheat " ; and in his last days he was 

 wrapped up in devotion to his grandchildren. 

 It is as a soldier, of course, that he will be 

 known to posterity, and on his military achieve- 

 ments his fame must rest. Doubtless his place 

 is among the foremost of those generals who 

 never fought an independent campaign, for in 

 every duty of soldiership except the highest 

 he was tried and never found wanting. He 

 was not only brave himself, but he had the 

 ability to inspire masses of men with courage. 

 He was quick to perceive opportunity amid the 

 dust and smoke of battle, and quick to seize it. 

 He was impulsive and yet tenacious. He had 

 the bravery that goes forward rapidly, and the 

 bravery that gives way slowly. Above all, he 

 was loyal to the core loyal to the soldier under 

 him, loyal to the commander above him, and 

 loyal to the nation over all. He was not only 

 in every great battle of the Army of the Poto- 

 mac, but in the very brunt of every great battle ; 

 and it is his peculiar glory that no comrade ever 

 complained of him. He was the friend of Mc- 

 Clellan, and did him gallant service ; Burnside 

 could rely on him for all that ability may do 

 to amend the work of folly ; Hooker could put 

 full faith in him ; Meade might trust him to 

 choose the field of battle, and almost to fight 

 it ; and he was to Grant as his right arm. All 

 sorts of men did him honor. Doubleday, who 

 quarreled with Howard, had nothing but praise 

 for Hancock ; Sickles, who quarreled with 

 Meade, was prompt to do homage to Hancock 

 for the succor given to him at Gettysburg. 

 Even the military critics, who delight to ex- 



plain the blunders and shortcomings of great 

 soldiers, have united in commendation of him, 

 and pronounce his record almost without a 

 flaw. Grant says of him : u Hancock stands 

 the most conspicuous figure of all the general 

 officers who did not exercise a separate com- 

 mand. He commanded a corps longer than 

 any other one, and his name was never men- 

 tioned as having committed in battle a blunder 

 for which he was responsible. He was a man 

 of very conspicuous personal appearance. Tall, 

 well formed, and, at the time of which I now 

 write, young and fresh-looking, he presented 

 an appearance that would attract the attention 

 of an army as he passed. His genial disposi- 

 tion made him friends, and his personal cour- 

 age and his presence with his command in the 

 thickest of the fight won him the confidence 

 of troops serving under him." Perhaps his 

 best eulogy is the blunt declaration of Gen. 

 Sherman to a reporter in search of adverse 

 criticism during the presidential canvass of 

 1880: "If you will sit down and write the 

 best thing that can be put in language about 

 Gen. Hancock as an officer and a gentleman, I 

 will sign it without hesitation." (See portrait 

 of Gen. Hancock in the "Annual Cyclopaedia" 

 for 1880.) 



HAWAII, a constitutional monarchy, occupy- 

 ing the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands, in the 

 Pacific Ocean. The reigning monarch is Kala- 

 kaua. The Legislative Assembly consists of a 

 House of Nobles, appointed by the King, and 

 a House of 28 Eepresentatives, half of them 

 elected by the natives and half by foreign resi- 

 dents, the ministry was composed, in 188(5, 

 as follows: Minister of Foreign Affairs, K. D. 

 Creighton ; Minister of the Interior, W. M. 

 Gibson ; Attorney-General, J. T. Dare ; Minis- 

 ter of Finance, P. Kanoa. 



Area and Population. The eight islands com- 

 posing the kingdom have an aggregate area of 

 6,677 square miles. Their population, on Dec. 

 27, 1884, was as follows: 



ISLANDS. Population. 



Oahou 28,060 



Hawaii 24.991 



Maouii 15,970 



KaouaT and Niihaon 8,985 



Moloka'i and Lana'i 2,614 



Kahoulawe 



Total 80,578 



Finances. The budget is voted biennially. 

 The receipts for the period 1884-'86, and 

 estimates for 1886-'88, were as follow : 



The expenditures, under the various heads, 

 for the same periods, are given as follow : 



