422 



HAYTI. 



the beautiful and the true. His prose works 

 are full of fire and pathos, as became a charac- 

 ter at once so intense and sincere. He was of 

 medium height, slender and graceful. His hair 

 was abundant and very dark, his eyes black 

 and luminous, and his features molded into 

 an almost perfect type of masculine beauty. 

 There was in his countenance a glow that 

 seemed to come from conscious superiority. 

 Though devoted to South Carolina, he was 

 drawn to Georgia soon after the war, and, 

 from long residence and the appreciation of 

 the people of that State, he learned to love it 

 as if he had been nurtured there. His last 

 poem, " Face-to-Face," was the poet's proc- 

 lamation to the world that he was ready for 

 the final summons, and that he trusted, in 

 God's providence, to be found worthy to join 

 "the choir invisible." In the little cottage 

 home, where so much affection, and so many 

 trials, and such splendid dreams, had had an 

 abiding- place, " God's finger touched him, and 

 he slept." Noted people in the North sent 

 affectionate and sympathetic tributes, and he 

 who had, when a child, been immortalized as 

 " Philip, my King," the poet Marston, caused 

 a memorial wreath of English flowers to be 

 forwarded to his family as a tribute to his 

 worth as a friend and author. He was buried 

 from St. Paul's Episcopal Church, in Augusta, 

 Ga. The funeral sermon, delivered by Bishop 

 Beckwith, was one of the grandest tributes 

 ever paid by priestly eloquence to a child of 

 song. A large concourse followed the remains 

 to the grave, nowise daunted by one of the 

 most furious rain-storms that ever visited the 

 city. A literary circle in Augusta, named in 

 his honor, immediately after his death took 

 measures to perpetuate his memory. The City 

 Council gave a plot of ground in the cemetery 

 for his interment, and a fund has been partly 

 raised for placing over his grave an appropri- 

 ate monument. In an adjoining lot reposes 

 the dust of Richard Henry Wilde, and the 

 summer rose that blooms upon his grave will 

 cnst its perfume upon that of Hayne. The 

 South has produced no man of letters of such 

 absolute self-surrender to his profession, nor 

 perhaps one so consummate a master of the 

 art of poetry. Paul Hayne lived and died true 

 to his art and his mission, when to be a South- 

 ern poet involved heroism without a triumph 

 and martyrdom without a crown. 



HAITI, a republic in the West Indies, cover- 

 ing the western third of the island of Santo 

 Domingo. (For details relating to territorial 

 divisions, population, etc., see " Annual Cyclo- 

 psedia"for 1883.) 



Government. The President of the Eepublic 

 is Gen. Salomon, re-elected for seven years, 

 dating from May 1, 1887. The Cabinet is as 

 follows: Foreign Affairs and Agriculture, Bru- 

 tus St. Victor; Justice and Public Worship, 

 Lechaud ; War and Navy, Brenor Prophete ; 

 Interior and Public Instruction, F. Manigat ; 

 Finance and Commerce, Callisth^ne Fouchard. 



President of the Senate, Maignan ; PresK 

 dent of the Chamber, F. Ducasse; Director 

 of the National Bank, founded in 1882, A. 

 Jung. 



The United States Minister Resident at Port- 

 au-Prince is Dr. John E. W. Thompson. The 

 Haytian Minister to the United States is S. 

 Preston; and the Haytian Consul-General at 

 New York, E. D. Bassett. 



Army and Navy. The effective strength of 

 the military force of the republic is kept up 

 through conscription on the one hand and by 

 the enlistment of volunteers on the other, with 

 the usual exemptions. The length of service 

 is seven years in the case of conscripts, while 

 volunteers are only held for four years. The 

 army in 1886 presented an aggregate force, on 

 a peace footing, of 6,828 men. 



The Haytian fleet consists of three men-of- 

 war, one of which is an armored vessel, the 

 u Toussaint 1'Ouverture," launched at Havre 

 on Feb. 20, 1886. 



Finances. The public indebtedness in 1885 

 amounted to $12,507,884, consisting of the re- 

 mainder of the French debt of 1825, $307,884; 

 the Domingue loan, $7,200,000, and the internal 

 debt, $5,000,000. In a public speech delivered 

 by President Salomon, on the occasion of a 

 visit to Cape Haytien in January, 1886, he ex- 

 pressed himself on the subject of Haytian 

 finances to the following effect : " My Govern- 

 ment has been the one to pay off the old na- 

 tional debt [the 1825 debt mentioned above]. 

 This debt was reduced in the time of the Em- 

 peror Soulouque, when I was his Minister of 

 Finance, and it was again reduced in the time 

 of Boisrond Canal ; but my Government has 

 been the one to wipe it out altogether. Again, 

 the Domingue loan, which was 51,000,000 

 francs, and the country knew not how th 

 money was spent, has been reduced more thf 

 half; that is to say, it is now only 21,000,( 

 francs." The budget estimate of outlay fo 

 1885-'86 was as follows: Department of Fi- 

 nance and Commerce, $520,825 ; Foreign Af- 

 fairs, $89,070; War and Navy, $1,096,134; 

 Interior and Police, $981,479; Justice, $316,- 

 198; Public Instruction. $698,138; Public Wor- 

 ship, $67,648; Agriculture, $254,972, consti- 

 tuting a total expenditure of $4.024,464. The 

 chief source of revenue is the customs, which 

 yielded, in 1884-'85, $3,774,351 from imports, 

 and $2,279,664 from domestic products ex- 

 ported. The country still has a paper cur- 

 rency. Foreign exchange and the Government 

 treasury notes were quoted on July 3, 1886, 

 as follow : Ninety days' sight drafts on Europe, 

 35 per cent, premium ; three days' sight on the 

 United States, 35 per cent, premium ; treasury 

 notes of 1883-'83, 50 per cent. ; 1884-'85 and 

 1885-'86, 55 to 60 per cent, discount gold 

 premium. That is to say, for $100 American 

 gold $150 to $160 treasury notes had to be 

 paid. 



Coffee. The Haytian coffee-crop of 1886-'87 

 was estimated at 60,000,000 pounds, which 



