OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. 



663 



of phonography, and, after his return, spent 

 seven years in its introduction, being the 

 founder of the present system of phonographic 

 reporting. He came to New York in 1847, 

 and published a series of phonographic instruc- 

 tion-books, and also edited " The Anglo-Saxon " 

 and the " Propagandist," printed in phonetic 

 type, and devoted to phonography and spelling 

 reform. Mr. Andrews spoke several languages, 

 and had some knowledge of thirty. Among 

 his works are " Discoveries in Chinese ; or the 

 Symbolism of the Primitive Characters of the 

 Chinese System of Writing, as a Contribution 

 to Philology and Ethnology, and a Practical 

 Aid in the Acquisition of the Chinese Lan- 

 guage " (1854) and the " New French Instruct- 

 or," embodying a new method. When a young 

 man, he announced the discovery of the unity 

 of law in the universe, and to the development 

 of this idea he devoted the last thirty-five 

 years of his life. He asserted that there is an 

 exact science of language, forming a domain 

 of universology, and by its application he 

 evolved a "scientific" language, destined to 

 become universal, which he called " Alwato" 

 (ahl-wah' to). It was so far elaborated that 

 for some years before his death he conversed 

 and corresponded in it with his pupils, and 

 had in preparation a dictionary of Alwato. 

 The philosophy developed from universology 

 he called " integralism." He believed that in 

 it would be found the ultimate reconciliation 

 of the great thinkers of all schools, and the 

 scientific adjustment of freedom and order by 

 a radical regulation of all possible forms of 

 thought, idea, and belief. In 1882 he insti- 

 tuted the " Colloquium," a series of conferences 

 for the interchange of opinions between men 

 of the utmost diversity of religious, philosophi- 

 cal, and political views. Among its members 

 were Rev. Robert Collyer, Dr. Louis Elsberg, 

 Rabbi Huebsch, Rev. Dr. Newman, Rev. Dr. 

 Rylance, and Thaddeus B. Wakeman. Mr. 

 Andrews was a member of the American Acad- 

 emy of Arts and Sciences, of the American 

 Ethnological Society, and for some time was 

 Vice-President of the Liberal Club of New 

 York. Among his numerous contributions to 

 periodicals were " The Great American Crisis," 

 published in the "Continental Monthly" 

 (1863-'64) ; and " A Universal Language," in 

 the " Continental Monthly " (1864). His works 

 include "Comparison of the Common Law 

 with the Roman, French, or Spanish Civil Law 

 on Entails and other Limited Property in Real 

 Estate" (New Orleans, 1839); "Cost the 

 Limit of Price " (New York, 1851) ; " The Con- 

 stitution of Government in the Sovereignty of 

 the Individual " (1851) ; " Love, Marriage, and 

 Divorce, and the Sovereignty of the Individual, 

 a Discussion by Henry James, Horace Greeley, 

 and Stephen Pearl Andrews " (edited, 1853) ; 

 " Constitution or Organic Basis of the New 

 Catholic Church " (1860) ; " The Primary Sy- 

 nopsis of Universology and Alwato " (1871); 

 " Basic Outline of Universology " (1872) ; 



"Primary Grammar of Alwato" (Boston, 

 1877); "The Labor Dollar" (1881); "Ele- 

 ments of Universology" (New York, 1881); 

 "Ideological Etymology" (1881); "Transac- 

 tions of the Colloquium, with Documents and 

 Exhibits" (Vols. I and II, 1882-'83): "The 

 Church and Religion of the Future " (1886) ; 

 and text-books of phonography. 



Armstrong, John J., an American lawyer, born 

 in Mineola, L. I., Sept. 6, 1828 ; died in Ja- 

 maica, L. I., Oct. 18, 1886. He was graduated 

 at the Hempstead Seminary, and was admitted 

 to the bar in November, 1849. In 1859 he 

 was elected District Attorney of Queens 

 County, and held the office for six years; and 

 in November, 1865, he was elected County 

 Judge, and was re-elected for three subsequent 

 terms, making an official service of twenty-six 

 years. In 1872 he was appointed a member 

 of the Constitutional Commission, to prepare 

 amendments to the Constitution for submission 

 to popular vote. He was a strong Democrat, 

 a member and elder of the Presbyterian 

 Church, and President for many years of the 

 Long Island Bible Society. 



Arnot, John, Jr., an American banker, born in 

 Elmira, N. Y., March 11, 1831; died there, 

 Nov. 20, 1886. His education was received at 

 the Elmira Academy and at private schools. 

 He entered Yale College, but was not gradu- 

 ated. In 1852, the year that his father was 

 elected President of the Chemung Canal Bank, 

 John, Jr., was chosen cashier, which place he 

 held until the time of his death. The bank 

 never elected another president after the death 

 of the elder John Arnot, and his son became 

 virtually its president. He was president of 

 the village of Elmira in 1859, 1860, and 1864, 

 and when the village was made a city in 1864 

 he was elected its first mayor, and was elected 

 to the same office in 1870 and 1874. He was 

 elected a Democratic representative in Con- 

 gress in 1882, and re-elected in 1884. In Oc- 

 tober of the latter year Mr. Arnot was injured 

 by an explosion of gas in the vault of his bank, 

 and for a long time lingered between life and 

 death. Although he afterward attended to his 

 duties, he never recovered from the shock, 

 which produced nervous prostration and its 

 attendant troubles, resulting in his death. 



Aspinwall, Lloyd, an American soldier, born in 

 New York city in 1835 ; died in Bristol, R. I., 

 Sept. 4, 1886. In 1853 he enlisted as a private 

 in the Fourth Regiment of State Artillery, and 

 in the following year was advanced to the 

 staff. While he was taking an active part in 

 the organization of the Twenty-second Regi- 

 ment the civil war broke out. He responded 

 to the call for troops in 1861, taking the field 

 as lieutenant-colonel of that regiment, and 

 serving with it in that capacity and as colonel 

 during its term of enlistment. He subsequent- 

 ly had charge of the purchase and equipment 

 of vessels that composed the expedition to 

 Newbern, N. C., was an aide to Gen. Burnside 

 at the battle of Fredericksburg, and the bearer 



