710 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



short-lived Cabinet of Gambetta. His professed 

 atheism and bis intense hostility to the Ultra- 

 montane portion of the Roman Catholic Church 

 caused his appointment to be regarded with 

 surprise and indignation. In January, 1886, 

 he was appointed French Governor-General 

 of Tonquin and minister-general to the court 

 of Anam, where his duties were to be largely 

 those of organization ; but, coming in contact 

 with the military and naval authorities, he suf- 

 fered much from their interference. Besides 

 being a member of numerous scientific socie- 

 ties, M. Bert became President of the French 

 Biological Society in 1878, and in 1882 was 

 elected a member of the French Academy of 

 Sciences. His literary work included the sci- 

 entific feuilleton furnished for many years to 

 the " R6publique Francaise," Gambetta's jour- 

 nal, numerous memoirs on scientific subjects 

 and the following works : " Revue des Travaux 

 d'AnatomieetdePhysiologie publics en France 

 pendant 1'Annee 1864 " (1866) ; " Notes d'Ana- 

 tomle et de Physiologie compare'es" (second 

 series, 1867-"TO); " Recherches sur le Mouve- 

 ment de la Sensitive " (1867-70) ; " Legons 

 sur la Physiologie comparee de la Respiration " 

 (1869); "Recherches experimentales sur 1'In- 

 fluence que les Modifications exercent sur les 

 Phenomenes de la Vie " (1874) ; " La Pression 

 barom6trique : Recherches de Physiologie ex- 

 perimentales " (1877); "La Science experi- 

 mental " (1878); u La Morale des Jesuits" 

 (1880); "Legons, Discours, et Conferences" 

 (1880); "Legons de Zoologie Professees a la 

 Sorbonne " (1881) ; " La Premiere Annee d'en- 

 seignement scientifique: Scieuces Naturelles 

 et Physiques" (1882); ' ; L' Instruction civique 

 a FEcole " (1882) ; and " Discours Parlemen- 

 taires, 1872-1881 " (1882). See "The French 

 Minister of Public Instruction," in " Harper's 

 Magazine" for March, 1882. 



Binnie, William, a British educator, born in 

 1823 ; died in Aberdeen, Scotland, in Septem- 

 ber, 1886. He was educated at Glasgow Uni- 

 versity, studied theology in a German univer- 

 sity, and was ordained in 1849 a minister of 

 the Reformed Presbyterian Church at Stirl- 

 ing, Scotland, and in 1862 was appointed Pro- 

 fessor of Divinity in the Theological Hall of 

 the Reformed Presbyterian Church. He pub- 

 lished " The Psalms, their History, Teaching, 

 and Use," and a work on "The Church." 



Biondelli, Bernardino, an Italian philologist, 

 born in Verona in 1804; died in September, 

 1886. He studied at the University of Padua, 

 and subsequently at Venice and Milan, where 

 he directed his attention principally to archae- 

 ology and philology. In 1860 he became Pro- 

 fessor of Archaeology and Numismatics at the 

 Royal Academy in Milan. He wrote several 

 works on philology, including one on the lan- 

 guages of Europe, published in 1841, another 

 on the Gallo-Italian dialects, and a series of 

 pamphlets on the Aztec language. He also 

 published a work entitled " The Cremation of 

 the Human Body after Death." 



Borro, Luigi, an Italian sculptor, born in 1827, 

 died in Venice, Feb. 12, 1886. He was the de- 

 signer of the monument to Daniel Manin. He 

 left a large and valuable collection of paint- 

 ings, chiefly of the older Italian masters, which 

 he jealously refused to allow any foreign visit- 

 ors to inspect. 



Bonrchardat, Apollinaire, a French chemist, 

 born in the Isle sur le Serein, Yonne, in 1806 ; 

 died in Paris, April 7, 1886. In early life he 

 went to Paris, where he studied medicine and 

 the allied sciences. In 1832 he was made a 

 Fellow of the Medical Faculty, and in 1834 be- 

 came the first pharmacist-in-chief to St. An- 

 toine Hospital. He also held a similar place 

 in the Hotel-Dieu, where he remained until 

 1855, when he resigned his office to devote his 

 attention exclusively to scientific pursuits. In 

 1838 he was a candidate for the chair of Phar- 

 macy and Organic Chemistry in the Faculty of 

 Medicine in the College of France; but the 

 choice fell upon Dumas. He was elected a 

 member of the Academy of Medicine in 1850, 

 and after public competition in 1852 became 

 Professor of Hygiene. He was a member of 

 scientific societies, and was appointed a mem- 

 ber of the Council of Health in 1845. At the 

 time of his death he was a commander in the 

 Legion of Honor. In addition to numerous 

 botanical and medical memoirs, variously con- 

 tributed, which were collected under the title 

 of " Recherches sur la Vegetation " (1846), he 

 edited monthly the " Repertoire de Pharmacie," 

 beginning in 1847, and annually from 1841 till 

 1885 the " Annuaire de The'rapeutique." His 

 larger works include : " Cours de Chemie Ele- 

 mentaire avec ses Principales Applications a la 

 Medecine et aux Arts " (1834) ; " Cours des 

 Sciences Physique" (1841); "Elements de 

 Matiere Medicale et de Pharmacie " (1838) ; 

 u Nouveau Formulaire Magistrat " (1840) ; 

 "Formulaire Vet6rinaire" (1849) ; "Opuscule 

 d'Economie rurale " (1851); "Archives de 

 Physiologie " (1854); "L'Eau de Vie, ses Dan- 

 gers " (1863); and "La Glycosurie, ou Diabete 

 Sucre" " (1875). 



Bonree, Nicolas Prosper, a French statesman, 

 born in Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1811; died in 

 Paris, July 11, 1886. He entered the office of 

 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1836, and in 

 1840 he was appointed to a consulship at Bey- 

 rut, where six months later he was promoted 

 to the rank of Consul-General, and in this ca- 

 pacity took part in the negotiations for the 

 new organization of the Lebanon.- In 1851, as 

 charge d'affaires at the Court of Morocco, he 

 was present at the bombardment of the town 

 of Sale". In the following year M. Bouree was 

 appointed French minister to China, but in 

 1853 and 1854 was charged with the conduct 

 of an exploration-mission in Turkey connected 

 with the approaching war. In 1855 he was 

 made minister at Teheran, where he concluded 

 a treaty of commerce between France and Per- 

 sia. He subsequently went on a mission to 

 Germany, after which, having been for two 



