312 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



Canbvell, Edward, Viscount, an English states- 

 man, born in Liverpool, July 24, 1813; died 

 at Torquay, France, Feb. 15, 1886. After a 

 brilliant college course he was called to the 

 bar, and in 1842 he entered Parliament as 

 member for Clitheroe, and, although a Con- 

 servative, he agreed with the Liberals on the 

 question of free trade. He was appointed 

 Secretary of the Treasury by Peel in 1845. 

 In 1847 he was elected to Parliament from the 

 city of Liverpool. In 1853 he became mem- 

 ber for Oxford, and represented that borough 

 until 1874, when he was raised to the peerage 

 by Mr. Gladstone. When Lord Aberdeen 

 formed the coalition government in 1852, Mr. 

 Cardwell was appointed President of the Board 

 of Trade, but had no seat in the Cabinet. On 

 .Lord Palmerston's resuming the government 

 in 1859, he became Chief Secretary for Ire- 

 land, with a seat in the Cabinet. In 1860 he 

 was firmly persuaded that he had settled the 

 Irish land question by an act empowering 

 limited owners to give leases, but the act was 

 so tightly drawn that few took advantage of 

 it. In March, 1864, he became Secretary for 

 the Colonies, and won general approval in 

 the course that he pursued in regard to the 

 Jamaica riots in 1865. When Mr. Gladstone 

 became Prime Minister in 1868, he appointed 

 Mr. Cardwell Secretary for War. His position 

 was made arduous by the neutrality questions 

 arising during the course of the Franco-Prus- 

 sian War, especially with regard to supplying 

 France with coal. With the passing of the 

 army regulation bill his public services almost 

 came to an end. This bill, passed in 1871, 

 provided for the abolition of the purchase 

 system of promotion in the army, the com- 

 pensation of the holders of commissions, a 

 large increase in the strength of the army, 

 the substitution of a short for a long term 

 of service, and the establishment of localized 

 military centers. 



Chaple y del Corral, Jnan Francisco, a Cuban 

 scientist, born in Havana, Cuba, June 26, 1802 ; 

 died there, Oct. 30, 1886. He was graduated 

 at the College of San Carlos, Havana, in 1820, 

 studied law and political economy in the Uni- 

 versity of Havana, and received the degree of 

 bachelor of civil law in 1823. He was ap- 

 pointed in 1826 to a professorship, but con- 

 tinued his studies in canon law. The degree 

 of bachelor in the sciences was conferred on 

 him in 1836, and he was immediately after- 

 ward appointed to the chair of justice, and 

 made dean of the faculty. He held several 

 other places in the institution, and his services 

 in the cause of higher education were recog- 

 nized by the Spanish Government, which con- 

 ferred on him in 1839 the Cross of the Royal 

 American Order of Isabella the Catholic. In 

 1842 he left the university, and devoted the 

 remainder of his life to the task of reforming 

 and developing primary education in Cuba. 

 He had joined the Real Sociedad Economica 

 of Havana in 1832, and had been nominated 



inspector of its schools. He entered on the 

 duties of the office with enthusiasm, refusing a 

 salary, and spending his entire income in in- 

 creasing the ntnnber and adding to the effi- 

 ciency of the schools. He visited one or more 

 of them daily, correcting the abuses that pre- 

 vailed in them, and abolishing the practice 

 of corporal punishment. He also visited the 

 homes of the poor, and persuaded them to 

 send their children to school, he himself pro- 

 viding books and clothing when needed. He 

 wrote a series of text-books, and published 

 them at his own expense. Two of these works, 

 "El Compendio de Moral y Economia Domes- 

 tioa," and a revised edition of Fleury's " Cate- 

 chism," are used in all the schools of Cuba. 

 He was also a member of the Section of In- 

 dustry and Commerce of the Real Sociedad 

 Economica, and in this capacity contributed 

 much to the success of the Exhibition of Arts 

 and Industries held in Havana in 1852. In 

 recognition of his services in the cause of 

 public education, his portrait was placed in 

 the principal hall of the college, and in 1880 a 

 hall was added to the Havana Library, called 

 La Sala Chaple. 



Chan-hill, Henry Adrian, died in Palermo, July 

 12, 1886. He was educated at the College of 

 Louis le Grand, Paris, and at Constantinople, 

 and became distinguished as a linguist. In 

 1848 he was appointed assistant surveyor to 

 the British Commission for the Turco-Russian 

 boundary, and from 1850 till 1852 acted as 

 secretary and interpreter to the commission. 

 He was afterward an attache at Teheran, and 

 in 1854 was secretary and interpreter to the 

 British commissioner with the Turkish army 

 in Asia. The third class of Imperial Order of 

 the Medjidie was conferred upon him by the 

 Sultan in recognition of his conduct and gal- 

 lantry at the battle on the Heights of Ears in 

 September, 1855. The garrison of Ears being 

 subsequently forced to capitulate, Mr. Churchill 

 surrendered himself a prisoner to the Russian 

 forces under Gen. MouraviefF. In 1856 Mr. 

 Churchill was appointed consul in Bosnia. 

 He was employed in special service on the 

 Montenegrin frontier from April till July, 1858, 

 and in September, 1858, appointed consul for 

 Moldavia, to reside in Jassy. In July, 1859, 

 he was made consul-general in Moldavia, and 

 in December, 1862, he was appointed consul- 

 general in Syria, to reside at Beyrut ; and in 

 the following April he was made consul-gen- 

 eral at Algiers. This post he resigned in 

 January, 1867, and was immediately afterward 

 appointed by the India Office political agent 

 and consul-general at Zanzibar, but retired on 

 a pension in 1872. Three years later Mr. 

 Churchill was appointed consul of Ghilan, 

 Mazanderan, and Asterabad, and went to re- 

 side at Resht. He held the post of consul for 

 Sicily from 1879. 



Collier, Sir Robert, Lord Monkswell, an English 

 judge, born at Plymouth in 1817; died near 

 Cannes, France, on Oct. 27, 1886. He was 



