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OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



ticipated in the subsequent operations. For 

 his services he received many honors, with 

 medal and brevet rank of colonel, and was 

 nominated to the Order of the Bath. He be- 

 came major-general in 1868, lieutenant-general 

 in 1877, and a general in 1880. 



Czajkowski, Michael, a Polish novelist, born in 

 the Ukraine in 1808; died at Chernigoff, June 

 19, 1886. He was a refugee at Paris in 1831, 

 took a prominent part in the Polish agitation, 

 subsequently went to Constantinople, became 

 a convert to Islamism, obtained a commission 

 in the Turkish army, and during the Crimean 

 War, fought against the Russians. He left the 

 Turkish service, in which he was known as 

 Sadyk Pasha, because he was disappointed in 

 a scheme for obtaining Turkish co-operation 

 for the restoration of the kingdom of Poland. 

 In 1873 he abjured the Mussulman religion 

 and made submission to the Czar. Besides 

 his many novels, he wrote some interesting 

 books of travel, among which was " Life among 

 the Balkan Slavs." 



Danbigny, Karl, a French artist, born in Paris 

 in June, 1846 ; died in Anvers-sur-Oise, near 

 Paris, in May, 1886. He was a son of the 

 artist of the same name, and a pupil of his 

 father when the latter was one of the foremost 

 of European landscape-painters. From 1863 

 he was known for his admirable transcriptions 

 of scenery in Normandy, Picardy, Brittany, 

 and the Forest of Fontainebleau. His princi- 

 pal works are " Le Plate aux de Belle-Croix," 

 " Les Vanneuses a Kerity," " Finisterre," " La 

 Ferme Saint-Simeon a Honfleur," and "La 

 Route de Paris a Fontainebleau." His latest 

 and best work, exhibited in the Paris Salon in 

 1886, is entitled "Lever de Lune au Soleil 

 Couch ant." 



David, Ernest, a Franco- Jewish author, born 

 in Nancy in 1824; died in July, 1886. He en- 

 gaged in early life in commerce, but afterward 

 turned his attention to literature, becoming a 

 contributor to the " Univers Israelite," where his 

 articles attracted much attention. His studies 

 in Judeo-Spanish history, and his biography 

 of Sara Copia Sullarn, an Italian Jewish poet- 

 ess of the seventeenth century, appeared in 

 that journal. He was an excellent English 

 scholar, and in profound sympathy with the 

 aspirations of his co-religionists, and found a 

 congenial occupation in the translation into 

 French of George Eliot's "Daniel Deronda," 

 for the " Independance Beige " which was aft- 

 erward republished by his brother-in-law, Cal- 

 moun Levy. He also assisted in the French 

 translation of Graetz's " History of the Jews," 

 several volumes of which have appeared. He 

 will be best remembered hy his studies of music- 

 al history. Besides monographs on Sebastian 

 Bach and Handel, he wrote " La Poesie et la 

 Musique," "Dans la Cambrie," and "Histoire 

 de la Notation Musicale dupuis ses Origines." 

 The latter was crowned by the Institut. 



Decazes, Louis Charles Elie Amanien, Due, a French 

 statesman, born in Paris, May 9, 1819; died 



in the Department of the Gironde, Sept. 17, 

 1886. His father was the famous minister of 

 the Restoration. Entering the diplomatic serv- 

 ice when quite young, he was appointed min- 

 ister plenipotentiary to Spain and Portugal. 

 After *the revolution in 1848, which sent him 

 back to private life, he used all his efforts 

 against the republic and joined the Orleanist 

 Liberals. He was equally hostile to Louis .Na- 

 poleon, and labored with intensity and viiror 

 against the second empire. After the fall of 

 the empire, M. Thiers offered him a seat in 

 the Cabinet, but he declined. He was one of 

 the most active members of the coalition that 

 overthrew Thiers. He was appointed minis- 

 ter to England under MacMahon, and on Sept. 

 26, 1873, he became Foreign Minister, succeed- 

 ing M. de Broglie. He held that portfolio 

 four years, in five successive cabinets, handling 

 the affairs of his department with marked 

 skill. In 1874 a controversy arose with Ger- 

 many on account of the warlike language used 

 by French bishops in their pastoral letters, but 

 the French Government declined to prosecute 

 the bishops. Germany was appeased by the 

 separation of Metz from the diocese of Nancy, 

 and the withdrawal of the frigate " Orenoque " 

 which the French Government had placed at 

 the disposal of the Pope. Spain, supported by 

 Germany, accused the French authorities of 

 affording the Carlists undue facilities, but the 

 charges were refuted. After this difficulty 

 had been overcome, Gen. von Moltke and the 

 German press in 1875 raised a cry of alarm at 

 the rapid reorganization of the French army 

 and the purchases of horses, and clamored for 

 another war, which was averted through the 

 tact of the Due Decazes, who induced the courts 

 of London and St. Petersburg to intervene. He 

 resigned his office Oct. 20, 1877. He was in- 

 terested in iron-mines from which he derived 

 a large income. 



Desjardins, Ernest, a French palasographer, 

 born in Doisy-sur-Oise in 1823; died in Paris, 

 Oct. 24, 1886. He was educated in Dijon, 

 went to Paris in 1856 as Professor of Latin 

 Epigraphy, and was intrusted with archaso- 

 logical missions in Italy, Egypt, and Hungary. 

 His great work on Peutinger's tables is unfin- 

 ished, and his geography of Roman Gaul is in 

 course of publication. Probably few men have 

 ever attained such a mastery of ancient geog- 

 raphy as he. 



Duncker, Maximilian Wolfgang, a German histo- 

 rian, born in Berlin, Oct. 5, 1811; died in 

 Anspach, July 5, 1886. He studied at Berlin 

 and Bonn, leaving the latter university in 1834. 

 His most important works on ancient and mod- 

 ern history are " The Origin of Germany " (Ber- 

 lin, 1840) ; " The Crisis of the Reformation " 

 (Leipsic, 1846); and "History of Antiquity" 

 (Berlin, 1852-'53). He was elected to the 

 Prussian Chamber in 1850, and voted with the 

 Conservative party, distinguishing himself in 

 the opposition to Manteuffel. In 1859 he be- 

 came Professor of History at Tubingen. 



