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OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



writer, who provoked a bitter attack from 

 Ferdinand Lassalle, and himself assailed Gretz- 

 kow with savage severity. In conjunction 

 with Gustav Freitag he founded and edited the 

 " Grenzboten," a political magazine, at Leip- 

 sic. Later he devoted himself to literary his- 

 tory at Berlin, published a "History of Ro- 

 manticism," a " History of German Literature 

 in the Nineteenth Century," and began a " His- 

 tory of German Literature from the Time of 

 Leibnitz," the first volume of which was issued 

 a few weeks before his death. 



Scindiah, Bhajeernt Rao, Maharajah of, an In- 

 dian prince, born in 1835; died in Gwalior, 

 June, 1886. He was placed upon his throne 

 by the English in 1843, after the hostile spirit 

 of the Mahrattas in Gwalior had been broken 

 by the victories of Punniar and Maharajpur. 

 He was descended from a race of warriors, 

 and at an early age gave all his thoughts to 

 military matters, leaving the work of civil ad- 

 ministration in the hands of his able minister, 

 Dinkur Rao. His attitude was watched with 

 anxiety when the mutiny broke out in 1857, 

 and but for the prudence and restraint of Din- 

 kur Rao, and the personal influence of the 

 English representative, Maj. Charters Macpher- 

 son, he would doubtless have obeyed the natu- 

 ral dictates of his age and blood, and placed him- 

 self at the head of the army he had re-created 

 and led it against the foreign rulers. His po- 

 sition after the Gwalior contingent had muti- 

 nied was very peculiar: he was the friend and 

 ally of the English, but his troops were arrayed 

 against them, and the utmost he and his min- 

 ister could do was to hold his troops in a state 

 of inaction during the greater part of the sum- 

 mer of 1857, and it was not until the fall of 

 Delhi that they broke loose from his control. 

 When Gwalior fell into the hands of the Rani 

 of Jhansi and her general Tantia Topee, on June 

 1, 1858, it was only the swiftness of his horse 

 that saved Scindiah from the rage of those 

 who considered that he had been false to the 

 cause. On June 19 the rebels were defeated 

 and Gwalior captured, and Scindiah was re- 

 stored to his throne. He still devoted his 

 leisure to the improvement of his army, and 

 adopted the plan of passing his troops rapidly 

 through the ranks, so that, while there were 

 not more than 10,000 men in his standing army, 

 he could call up three or four times as many 

 trained soldiers, should the necessity ever arise. 

 After the mutiny, the English placed a gar- 

 rison in the fort of Gwalior, and since then 

 this was considered by the prince as a stand- 

 ing slight to his dignity, dwarfing his author- 

 ity in the eyes of his subjects. This cause of 

 discontent was removed by the restoration of 

 the fort in the early part of 1886. Scindiah 

 is succeeded by his son, who was born in 1880, 

 a regent having been appointed to act until the 

 young prince is of an age to rule for himself. 



Small, John, Librarian of the University of Ed- 

 inburgh ; died in that city, Ausr. 20, 1886. Dr. 

 Small was graduated at the university in 1847, 



and appointed librarian in 1854. Among his 

 contributions to literature were his edition of 

 "English Metrical Homilies from Manuscripts 

 of the Fourteenth Century," " The Works of 

 Gauin Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, with a Life 

 of the Bishop," " Sir David Lindsay's Mon- 

 archie," "Laing's Remains of Early Scottish 

 Poetry," " The Poems of William Dunbar," and 

 "Derrick's Image of Ireland," besides histori- 

 cal and biographical papers published in the 

 transcriptions of the Edinburgh Royal Society 

 of Antiquaries and in various encyclopedias 

 and periodicals. The degree of LL. D. was 

 conferred upon him by the University of Ed- 

 inburgh in 1886. 



Solly, Edward, an English scientist, born in 

 1819; died in Surrey, April 2, 1886. He was 

 educated in Berlin, appointed chemist to the 

 Royal Asiatic Society in 1838, lectured on 

 chemistry at the Royal Institution in 1841, 

 was honorary member of the Royal Agricultu- 

 ral Society in 1842, Fellow of the Royal So- 

 ciety in 1843, Professor of Chemistry in the 

 East India Company's Military College at Ad- 

 discombe in 1845, and Honorary Professor of 

 Chemistry to the Horticultural Society in 1846. 

 Besides several works in which the impor- 

 tance of chemistry to agriculture was main- 

 tained, he wrote "Rural Chemistry" (1843) 

 and "Syllabus of Chemistry" (1849). 



Stockhardt, Julius Adolf, a German chemist, 

 born in Rohrsdorf, Saxony, Jan. 4, 1809 ; died 

 in Tharaud June 1, 1886. He received a clas- 

 sical education, and studied pharmacy and the 

 natural sciences, being graduated in 1833 as an 

 apothecary of the first class. Subsequently he 

 spent a year in travel, visiting Belgium, Eng- 

 land, and France, and afterward devoted him- 

 self to pharmaceutical study and research, for 

 which in 1838 he received the degree of 

 Ph. D. from the University of Leipsic. At 

 once he began teaching in Dresden, but at the 

 end of a year was called to the Technical 

 School in Chemistry, where he remained until 

 1847. Meanwhile, in 1844, he began a course 

 of lectures before the Chemistry Agricultural 

 Society, which led to the establishment of the 

 system of agricultural stations, and he received 

 the appointment of inspector of apothecaries. 

 In 1848 he was invited to fill the new chair of 

 Agricultural Chemistry in the Academy of Tha- 

 raud, where he remained until his death. As 

 a scientific investigator, Stockhardt has been 

 outranked by other agricultural chemists of his 

 time, but his great work has been in the de- 

 velopment of the application of science to agri- 

 culture by means of his journals and books. 

 In this field he stands foremost, and the yield 

 of grain in Saxony alone is said to have been 

 doubled through his efforts. From 1846 till 

 1849 he edited " Das Polytechnisches Central- 

 blatt," and from 1850 till 1855 "Die Zeit- 

 schrift fur deutsche Landwirthe." In 1855 he 

 established "Das chemische Ackersman," pub- 

 lished in Leipsic, which he continued until 

 1876, when his increasing years and the es- 







