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PENNSYLVANIA. 



PERU. 



Article XVII of our State Constitution which provides 

 against " discrimination in charges or facilities for 

 tmnsportation by abatement, drawback, or other- 

 wise," and against " any preference in furnishing cars 

 or motive power " by transportation companies of the 

 State. 



That imported contract and pauper labor should be 

 forbidden. 



American labor, skill, and capital employed in agri- 

 culture, mining, manufactures, commerce, and the me- 

 chanic arts should have first consideration and protec- 

 tion against the competition of foreign labor and capi- 

 tal in our tariff and other laws. 



That we believe in the Christian Sabbath as an in- 

 dispensable safeguard of our cherished institutions, 

 justified as well'Vy nature and reason as by religious 

 precept. We demand the strict enforcement of all 

 laws against its violation, and hold in abhorrence as 

 inimical to the best interests of the people the so- 

 called " Continental Sunday." 



That our present heterogeneous laws regulating mar- 

 riage and divorce in the social state are a shame to 

 our civilization, and we demand a national law con- 

 formable to the divine law and uniform for all the 

 States. 



The State Liquor League met in Pittsburg 

 on July 13, and put forth a platform of which 

 the following are the essential portions : 



The State Liquor League of Pennsylvania reaffirms 

 the principles enumerated at the Reading Convention 

 in December, 1885, and hereby declares its unfalter- 

 ing and unwavering faith in the principles which gives 

 it its existence, viz. : The elevation and protection of 

 those lawfully engaged in the liquor- traffic. 



To that end it announces its purposes to aid in the 

 just administration of the present laws governing the 

 sale of liquors, and to endeavor by honorable means 

 to have the said laws amended wherever the same fail 

 to give the proper guarantees for vested interests or 

 afford opportunities for the exercise of an arbitrary 

 and uncontrolled discretion upon the part of the offi- 

 cials clothed with power to administer the same. The 

 League is opposed to an amendment of the State Con- 

 stitution prohibiting the manufacturing and sale of 

 liquors, as being an attempt to destroy the sacred 

 rights of property without compensation, and a direct 

 attack upon the personal liberty of every citizen as 

 well as a violation of all that is implied by the letter 

 and spirit of the State Constitution and the bill of 

 rights contained therein. 



Zealous advocates of the liquor cause close their eyes 

 to the fact that prohibition is a synonym with failure 

 to prohibit. The League asks for an honest law, hon- 

 estly administered, and not one that will contain with- 

 in its limits the seed of hypocrisy. A license law that 

 is not uniform in its application to every county in the 

 Commonwealth offends against a vital requirement of 

 the Constitution. The State Liquor League of Penn- 

 sylvania employs no threats and formulates no de- 

 mands. It submits its principles to the citizens of the 

 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and asks for a calm, 

 conservative, decisive, dispassionate discussion there- 

 on. It asks for rights and guarantees that are as free- 

 ly accorded to every person in the community not en- 

 gaged in the liquor-traffic as they are strictly withheld 

 from a class of citizens, the large majority of whom 

 afford, in a lawful and orderly manner, shelter and 

 entertainment to the wayfarer or gratify a desire on 

 the part of mankind which is coeval with creation, 

 and which will only expire with the last man. 



The following were the National Greenback 

 candidates: For Governor, R. J. Houston; 

 Lieuten ant-Governor, John Parker; Auditor- 

 General, Daniel S. Early ; Secretary of Inter- 

 nal Affairs, Thomas St. C. Thompson ; Con- 

 gressman- at-large, 0. D. Thompson. 



On November 2 the Republican ticket was 



elected. The following was the vote for Gov- 

 ernor: Republican, 412,285; Democratic, 369,- 

 634 ; Prohibition, 32,458 ; Greenback, 4,835 ; 

 scattering, 56. 



The Democrats elected eight Congressmen 

 (Third, Eighth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Nine- 

 teenth, Twenty-sixth, and Twenty-seventh Dis- 

 tricts). Republicans were elected in the other 

 nineteen districts, the member from the Thir- 

 teenth District receiving the support of the 

 Greenbackers. The Legislature of 1887 con- 

 sists of 34 Republicans and 16 Democrats in 

 the Senate, and 133 Republicans, 67 Demo- 

 crats, and 1 Greenbacker in the House. 



PERU, a republic in South America. (For 

 details relating to area, population, etc., see 

 "Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1883.) 



Government. The President, since June 2, 

 1886, is Gen. Avelino Caceres. The Cabinet 

 was composed of the following ministers: 

 President of the Council and Minister of Fi- 

 nance and Commerce, Sefior Aranibar; For- 

 eign Affairs, Settor Ribeyro; Interior and 

 Public Works, Sefior Velarde ; Justice, Sefior 

 Villaran ; and War, Col. Borgofio. The United 

 States Minister at Lima is Charles W. Buck ; 

 the Peruvian Minister and Consul-General at 

 New York is Sefior J. C. Tracy. 



Army and Navy. By decree of July 23, the 

 effective force of the army was fixed at 3,500 

 men. 



The navy consists of 18 vessels, with engines 

 of 3,396 horse-power, and 66 guns, there being 

 four ironclads, of together 550 horse-power, 

 and mounting jointly 22 guns, one ram of 300 

 horse-power and 5 guns, and 2 monitor rams, 

 each of 330 horse-power and 2 guns. 



Education. The Indians, comprising nearly 

 five sixths of the people, are to be educated 

 and brought to know that their rights and 

 privileges are the same as those of their white 

 neighbors. The taxes collected from them 

 are to be expended in maintaining schools and 

 missions among them. The severest penalties 

 permissible by law are to be inflicted upon 

 those who in any manner seek to injure or 

 molest the Indians in their persons or prop- 

 erty. Before President C&ceres's inauguration 

 he was visited by Pedro Atusparia, chief of 

 the powerful tribe of Huaraz Indians, who, 

 while making his submission, begged him to 

 cause Indians to be educated, to reduce taxes 

 to a point compatible with their means, adopt- 

 ing for this purpose the ba?is of the census. 

 President Caceres promised all he wished, and 

 took under his personal charge the education 

 of the chiefs son. Great political importance 

 was attributed to this interview, a formidable 

 rising among the Huaraz Indians having taken 

 place during the administration of Caceres's 

 predecessor. 



The Jesuits. By a special law enacted in 

 1855, the Society of Jesus was prohibited from 

 having establishments or residing as a commu- 

 nity or individually within the limits of the 

 republic. Then the Constitution of 1860 was 



