50 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



Russia had concentrated a large force of caval- 

 ry on the frontier of Galicia, which caused a 

 similar but less extensive movement of Austro- 

 Ilungarian troops, and hastened the carrying 

 out of military measures already decided upon. 

 Wooden barracks for cavalry were erected 

 along the whole frontier of Galicia, and large 

 numbers of workmen were employed in Febru- 

 ary and March in completing the fortress of 

 Cracow, and on fortifications at Prezmysl. 



The work on the strategic lines in Galicia 

 was also pushed forward. The Austrian Reichs- 

 rath voted 12,011,655, and the Hungarian Diet 

 7,460,000 florins in February for the Landwehr 

 and Landsturm, and arms were provided for 

 the Austrian Landvvehr and the Hungarian 

 Honved, and uniforms purchased for the Land- 

 sturm of both countries. Following the ex- 

 ample of France and Germany, the Austro- 

 Hungarian Government prohibited the expor- 

 tation of horses, making an exception in favor 

 of Italy. The regulations for the organization 

 of the Landsturm were not uniform in the two 

 parts of the empire. In Austria every num 

 below the age of forty-two, unless unfit even 

 for ambulance service, and ex-officers up to the 

 age of sixty are enrolled, while in Hungary 

 those only are taken who have had military 

 training, or are likely to make efficient sol- 

 diers. The Hungarian Government in order to 

 satisfy the national craving for industrial inde- 

 pendence of Austria granted valuable con- 

 cessions to the firm of Nordenfeldt for the 

 establishment of a factory for small-arms at 

 Buda-Pesth, and contracted for a supply of 

 400,000 rifles within two years. Owing to the 

 improved state of affairs in Bulgaria and West- 

 ern Europe, the Imperial Government, after 

 having spent 24,000,000 florins of the extraor- 

 dinary appropriation, announsed that they 

 would require no more. 



The Navy. The Anstro-Hungarian Govern- 

 ment in 1886 possessed 10 armor-clad vessels of 

 from 3,550 to 7,390 tons displacement, with 

 armor ranging from 5 to 14 inches. Great at- 

 tention has been paid to the torpedo-fleet. 

 Three cruisers of 1,500 tons displacement, and 

 capable of steaming 19 knots an hour, have re- 

 cently been built. A new steel-plated turret- 

 ship, the " Stephanie," was launched at Trieste, 

 April 14, 1887. The displacement is 5,100 

 tons, and the maximum thickness of the armor 

 9 inches. 



Commerce. The total value of the merchan- 

 dise imports of the empire in 1885, including 

 the annexed provinces but excluding Dalmatia, 

 which lies outside of the imperial line of cus- 

 toms, was 557,948,324 florins, and the value of 

 the exports 672,083,194 florins. The values of 

 the leading articles of import were as follow: 

 Vegetable fibers and manufactures, except cot- 

 ton, 68,170,132 florins; silk and silk manufact- 

 ures, 53,699,663 florins; clothing, etc., 27,452, 

 800 florins; wool and woolen goods, 21,957,- 

 428 florins; cotton and manufactures thereof, 

 9,450,484 florins ; vegetables and fruits, 48,465,- 



518 florins; grain and pulse, 32,924,212 florins; 

 sugar, coffee, etc., 27,586,642 florins; animals, 

 26,973,980 florins; fats and oils, 36,156,366 

 florins; furs, 16,551,260 florins; machinery and 

 vehicles, 22,608,184 florins; wood and manu- 

 factures thereof, 15,937,841 florins; books and 

 objects of art, 15,705,589 florins; gums and 

 resins, 12,628,895 florins; salt, 12,738,321 flor- 

 ins; metals and metal manufactures, 11,839.- 

 271 florins; pottery, 8,945,570 florins; fuel, 

 7,700,738 florins; wines and spirits, 7,545,645 

 florins; minerals, 6,062,106 florins. The lead- 

 ing articles of export and their values for 1885 

 were as follow : Grain, flour, and pulse, 96,- 

 447,608 florins; fuel, 79,030,893 florins; sugar, 

 50,658,667 florins; instruments, watches, etc., 

 46,944,551 florins; wool and woolens, 40,004,- 

 984 florins; cattle, 35,666,612 florins; animal 

 products, 31,300,839 florins; wines and spirits, 

 28,528,838 florins; leather and leather manu- 

 factures, 21,445,100 florins; glass and glass 

 wares, 19,896,943 florins; vegetable fibers and 

 manufactures thereof, 18,779,181 florins; cot- 

 ton manufactures, 16,604,457 florins; minerals, 

 12,481,218 florins; paper and paper manufact- 

 ures, 11,465,173 florins; iron and iron manu- 

 factures, 11,120,339 florins; tobacco, 8,167,673 

 florins. 



The imports of specie and bullion in 1885 

 amounted to 12,282,529, and the exports to 

 8,727,579 florins. Of the merchandise imports 

 337,495,617 florins, and of the exports 317,- 

 319,252 florins passed over the German fron- 

 tier, while 87,881,560 florins of imports and 

 95,002,077 florins of exports went through 

 Trieste, and 31,748,124 florins of imports and 

 51,576,122 florins of exports through Fiume 

 and the other sea-ports. The import trade with 

 Roumania amounted to 40,047,638, and the ex- 

 port trade to 39,157,0] 6 florins. The Russian 

 imports were 21,390,116, and the exports to 

 Russia 21,671,517 florins. The imports from 

 Italy amounted to 19,176,409, from Servia to 

 14.162,174, from Switzerland to 5,477,370, and 

 from Turkey and Montenegro to 569,316 florins, 

 while the value of the exports to Italy was 47,- 

 638,326, to Servia 13,991,139, to Switzerland 

 29,570,127, and to Turkey and Montenegro 

 157,618 florins. High protective tariffs have 

 caused a decline in the import trade, which 

 were valued in 1884 at $247,860,000, and in 

 1885 were only $225,990,000, while for 1886 

 they were estimated at $221,616,000. The 

 Russian imports fell off most, but the decrease 

 in those from Great Britain, Germany, and 

 France were considerable. The customs dues 

 have risen from 40 to 86 cents per capita, with 

 a simultaneous increase in the consumption 

 duties from 86 cents to $1.60. The estimated 

 value of the exports in 1886 is $291,600,000. 



Railroads and Telegraphs. In January, 1886, 

 the Austrian Government owned 2,299 miles of 

 railroad and the joint-stock companies 6,023 

 miles, though of the latter 981 miles were oper- 

 ated by the state. The length of the Hunga- 

 rian railroads in 1885 was 5,635 miles, of which 



